Effect of Andrographis serpyllifolia Leaves Extract on Experimentally Induced Typhoid Using Salmonella Typhi
Shyam Sundar Gupta
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001,Uttar Pradesh, India.
Joni Sharma
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001,Uttar Pradesh, India.
G. Rajesh Kumar
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001,Uttar Pradesh, India.
Garima Pandey
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001,Uttar Pradesh, India.
P. K. Mohapatra
Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack-753 003, Orissa, India.
A. K. S. Rawat
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001,Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ch. V. Rao *
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001,Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the standardized ethanolic extract of Andrographis serpyllifolia leaves on experimentally induced typhoid.
Study Design: Single dose of 1 ml Salmonella Typhi (106 CFU/mL) was administered orally to rats to induce typhoid in rats. Blood culture test confirmed typhoid infectioned rats received orally the ethanolic extract of Andrographis serpyllifolia at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days, respectively and control animals received physiological saline.
Place and Duration of Study: CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, between December 2011 and June 2013.
Methodology: Leaves of Andrographis serpyllifolia was extracted with ethanol and concentrated on rotavapour. Single dose of 1 ml S. Typhi (106 CFU/mL) was administered orally to rats with the help of orogastric tube to induce typhoid in rats. After seven days, typhoid confirmed rats received the standardized extract subsequently subjected to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test.
Results: The treatment with ethanolic extract of Andrographis serpyllifolia at dose level of 200 mg/kg showed 75.0% to 87.5% protection and 100% protection observed at higher dose of 400 mg/kg on widal, blood culture and typhidot test respectively. Biochemical test carried out on blood culture isolates confirmed the presence or absence of S. Typhi. A. serpyllifolia extract at a concentration of 1.50 mg/disc showed antimicrobial activity susceptibility against S. Typhi.
Conclusion: Andrographis serpyllifolia leaves extract showed antimicrobial activity against S. Typhi and accomplished the extract of A. serpyllifolia is recommended for clinical applications in the treatment of typhoid.
Keywords: Widal, typhidot, typhoid, blood culture.