Integrated Assessment of Omega-3 and Diazepam Interactions in Mice: From Nociception to Recognition Memory
Maria Chowdhury
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rowan University, New Jersey, US State.
Rebecca Cynthia Gomes
Department of Health Sciences, Central Michigan University, Michigan, US State.
Kona Basak *
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rowan University, New Jersey, US State.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that enhances inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(_A)) receptors. It has several effects on the central nervous system, including alterations in nociception, motor coordination, and cognitive function. Omega-3 fatty acids, important components of neuronal membranes, have been linked to the regulation of brain signalling and inflammation.
Aim: This study assessed the behavioural interaction between diazepam and omega-3 fatty acids in Swiss albino mice.
Methods: Male and female Swiss albino mice were evaluated following administration of diazepam at 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg, omega-3 fatty acids, or their combination. Nociceptive responses were assessed using the hot-plate and formalin-induced paw-licking tests. Motor coordination was evaluated using the Rotarod test, while behavioural and cognitive effects were assessed using the Elevated Plus Maze and Novel Object Recognition tests.
Results: Formalin-induced paw licking was suppressed to a greater extent at higher doses of diazepam, indicating dose-related changes in nociceptive behaviour. Omega-3 treatment also decreased paw-licking responses; however, compared with either treatment alone, combination treatment resulted in greater suppression of both early neurogenic and late inflammatory phases. Changes in Rotarod performance and cognitive-behavioural tests provided additional evidence that treatment effects extended beyond nociception.
Conclusion: The results suggest that GABAergic neurotransmission, neuronal membrane signalling, and inflammatory modulation are complementary mechanisms through which omega-3 fatty acids may influence diazepam-associated behavioural effects. The dose-dependent behavioural pattern supports further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the diazepam–omega-3 interaction across nociceptive, motor, and cognitive pathways.
Keywords: Diazepam, omega-3 fatty acids, nociception, formalin test, hot-plate test, motor coordination, anxiety-related behaviour, recognition memory, GABAergic signalling, neuronal membrane signalling