Immune Tuberculous Anergy: An Opinion Perspective
Ibrahim M. S. Shnawa
*
Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, AL-Qasim Green University, Iraq and Department of Dental Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology, University of Hilla, Babylon, Iraq.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Immune Anergy (IA) is based upon cellular and molecular mechanisms that are finalized by T and/or B lymphocyte dysfunction. Comparative immune-biology of anergic B cell, anergic T and anergic T-exhausted T cell were summed up. IA appeared as a block in lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine inhibition. I t is associated with chronic persistent intracellular microbial infection like tuberculosis and leprosy. It is molecular mechanism found valid for prolongation of tissue graft acceptance and for autoimmunity prevention. IA shared an in common immune features with; immune exhaustion, immune resilience and be a part of immune tolerance. The IA concept, paradigm, mechanisms and immune features were elucidated. Biology of anergy and allied concepts were briefed. The objective of the present opinion paper was to make an at glance insight to IA and showcase one of our previous works on tuberculous immune anergy. Adult anergic tuberculous patients have been showing decline in adaptive cellular immune function and normal innate cellular immune functions compared to tuberculin positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Keywords: Anergy, BCG, exhaustion, resilience, tolerance, tuberculous