Formulation Techniques, Characterization of Nanoemulsion and their Pharmaceutical Applications: A Comprehensive Technical Review
Muhammad Abid Mustafa
*
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Namra Rasheed
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Hamza Farooq
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muntaha Fazal
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Emaan Asif
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Hamna Shafiq
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muqadas Amin
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Gohar Jaan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Amna Nadeem
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Tooba Farooq
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Neha Fatima
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sadia Ahmad
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Zahid Iqbal
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are stable liquid-in-liquid dispersions with large surface areas, strong stability, optical transparency, and adaptable rheology. These submicron-sized emulsions are being studied for drug delivery and targeting in cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies, and biotechnologies. This review explores various techniques for developing and characterizing nanoemulsions, their common formulations, merits, demerits, and current and future applications due to their unique structures and chemistries. The study emphasizes the importance of ideal formulations for nano-droplet systems, including droplet size, solubilization, colloidal stability, and optical and rheological characteristics.
Keywords: Nanoemulsion, high energy homogenization, low energy homogenization, drug delivery system, dispersion system