Evaluation and Management of Mallory – Weiss Syndrome: A Review
Mohammed Salah Hussein
Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Dr. Samir Abbas Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Fatimah Ali Alfaraj
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman Dhafer Alshabwi
King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
Aljawhara Abdullah Altheyab
Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Khulood Tariq Alhasan
Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Omar Mohammed Alghamdi
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Manal Abdulla Jaafar Saleh Ahmed
Serene Hospital, Bahrain.
Amal Ali Alamri
Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Tariq Alhabeeb
Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
Abdelhalim A. Elsherif
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Lojain Saoud Zaki
Ibn Sina National College, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a symptom of Mallory-Weiss syndrome, which is caused by longitudinal mucosal lacerations (known as Mallory-Weiss tears) near the gastroesophageal junction or gastric cardia. Mallory-Weiss syndrome is rather prevalent, accounting for 3 to 10% of all upper gastrointestinal bleeding episodes. In mild circumstances, the disease may be asymptomatic. Hematemesis is the presenting symptom in 85 percent of patients. Blood is present in varying amounts, ranging from blood-streaked mucous to huge bright red haemorrhage. Other symptoms such as melena, dizziness, or syncope might occur as a result of heavy bleeding. The majority of the time, the bleeding is little and ends on its own. Endoscopy is frequently used to confirm the diagnosis of MWS. Although most patients may be treated with monitoring or conservative medicinal treatment, certain cases require endoscopic or surgical treatment. Despite the fact that MWS is a common cause of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), little research has been done on it. This article discusses MWS Etiology, epidemiology, evaluation and management.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal bleeding, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, longitudinal mucosal lacerations, gastric cardia