Epidemiology & Prognostication of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in India – A Brief Review
E. Suguna *
Genomic Research Centre, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital (SBMCH) BIHER, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600044, India.
Chitralekha Saikumar
Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital (SBMCH) BIHER, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600044, India.
Florida Tilton
Molecular Diagnostics, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital (SBMCH) BIHER, Biozone Research Technologies Private Limited, Chennai, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
AML is represented by aggregation of ≥20% myeloid immature cells in the spongy marrow and most generally raise in the peripheral blood. A cytogenetic finding plays a vital role in the risk management and stratification of AML patients. AML is genetically and functionally a heterogenous malignant disease. In the western world leukemia is one of the most common among all cancers. India ranked 3rd in cancer disease after US and China. Management of AML is challenging specially for medium and low-income countries as it causes a huge economic burden to the patient and family. Molecular prognostic biomarkers will help in redefining the risk stratification more efficiently. Targeted drugs in pre-clinical and clinical trial recorded to have promising outcomes in AML. In this review we summarize the prevalence, incidence, and prognostication of AML.
Keywords: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), prognostication, cytogenetic risk stratification, clinical features, risk factor