Birth Control: A Review of Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Modalities, Associated Pros and Cons, and Their Effectiveness
Maryam Fairag *
Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Malak ALGhamdi
College of Medicine, AlBaha University, AlBaha, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz Baghlaf
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Bader Alallah
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Turki Alharbi
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Shakr Alwani
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Alshareef
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Raad Alharbi
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Omar Alsaedi
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz Almehmadi
College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Norah Alamri
College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudhah, Saudi Arabia.
Sarah Aljumah
College of Medicine, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Malak Almutairi
Aldiriyah Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Family planning importance is increasing progressively and is regarded as an essential part in every couple’s life. Family planning has a lot of benefits for the whole family as it provides a better control over the period between each pregnancy leading to a better balance over the personal, financial, and societal life. There are multiple birth control methods, from which couples can choose from with the assistance of their physicians since each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, some contraceptive methods may be more suited for a certain couple or situation than another one. This review of current methods aims to shed the lights on the various contraception options along with their advantages and disadvantages to aid providers in taking care of their patients.
Methodology: A thorough search was carried out on PubMed using the most suitable keywords representing the aim of the present study. A total of 120 were found and based on whether they are suited to achieve the aim of the study, 28 were selected.
Discussion: There is a great variety of birth control methods, and each has its associated advantages and disadvantages. Barrier contraceptive methods, most common of which are male condoms, are extremely popular in Western countries. Combined hormonal contraception methods which are available in the form of pills, patches, and rings. Progestin only contraception either in the form of a pill, injection or an implant is the most commonly used type among breastfeeding women. Furthermore, intrauterine devices are another effective contraceptive method which may be copper-based or hormonal-based.
Conclusion: Contraception is an integral part of family planning, which can be achieved through a variety of methods. Each birth control method has its own pros and cons that should be explained to the couple clearly, so they can choose the method that is most suited for them.
Keywords: Contraception, family planning, birth control, contraceptive methods, pregnancy, Saudi Arabia