Causes and Management of Acute Pyelonephritis
Mohammed Salah Hussein *
Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Dr Samir Abbas Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Jawaher Abdullah Almukalaf
Jubail General Hospital , Saudi Arabia.
Saad Mohammed Alalyani
KSMC, Saudi Arabia.
Rayan Mofareh Alharbi
Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
Wejdan Ibrahim Alzahrani
Baha University, Saudi Arabia.
Duaa Salah Aldhubiani
King Saud University For Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
Adel Ali Khubrani
Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
Ziad Mofareh Alharbi
Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
Leena Saqer Alotaibi
King Saud University For Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
Zainab Mohamed Alradhi
Ibn alnafees hospital , Bahrain.
Ghoson ghonem Alharbi
KAUH, Saudi Arabia.
Rumyyan Abdulaziz Rumyyan Alrumyyan
King Saud University For Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that causes kidney inflammation. Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that develops as a result of an ascending urinary tract infection that travels from the bladder to the kidneys. Acute pyelonephritis affects over 250,000 people each year, resulting in more than 100,000 hospitalizations. Infection with Escherichia coli is the most prevalent cause. Fever, vomiting, abdomen or loin discomfort, and fatigue are all symptoms of acute pyelonephritis, however Fever is the most clinically useful symptom. Escherichia coli is the causative agent in more than 80% of instances of acute pyelonephritis. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and enterococci are among the other etiologic factors. While Infections caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Clostridium, or Candida are more common in diabetic patients. Acute pyelonephritis can be treated as an outpatient or as an inpatient procedure. Outpatient treatment is available for healthy, young, non-pregnant women with uncomplicated pyelonephritis. The choice of first-line oral antibiotics depends on local antibiotic resistance characteristics, although trimethoprim alone or in combination with sulphamethoxazole, cephalexin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. In this article we will be looking the causes and management of acute pyelonephritis.
Keywords: Acute pyelonephritis, bacterial infection, kidney inflammation, enterococci