Overview on Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis in Pediatrics: A Review
Ahmed Abdelsamie Fadl
Doctor Samir Abbas Hospital, Saudi Arabia and Department of pediatrics Alazhar Unversity Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
Hiba Saud H. Aldubaib
Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nof Tarq F. Alzayyat
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Abdullah S. Alzahrani
ALTAIF CHILDREN HOSPITAL, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Alshammasi, Mustafa Mohammed A.
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Fatimah Arif S. Alabbad
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Ashjan Aqeel Q. Alanzl
Northern Border University, ARAR, Saudi Arabia, Mohammadiah PHC Northern Borders, Saudi Arabia.
Al Jalooud, Hassan Haeider A
Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aseel Saud S Alrefaei
Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Marwan Ahmed Alattas
Taif Children Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is the most common kind of post-infectious glomerulonephritis and is caused by group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Although the prevalence of PSGN has decreased in affluent nations, non-streptococcal species are becoming more common. and it is still the major cause of glomerulonephritis in children. APSGN can manifest itself in epidemic outbreaks or clusters of instances, as well as in single persons. Epidemic outbreaks have previously been documented as a result of upper respiratory or cutaneous streptococcal infections in various parts of the world. In developed nations, APSGN is now mostly a disease of the elderly, who are more likely to have disabling illnesses such as cancer, alcoholism, or diabetes. Children between the ages of 3 and 12 (with a peak incidence between the ages of 5 and 6 years) and seniors over the age of 60 are the most commonly affected. The pathophysiology of APSGN is complicated by inflammation. (APSGN) often occurs one to two weeks after a throat infection and three to five weeks after a skin infection. Hematuria, edoema, azotemia, and hypertension are the most common clinical signs. Loop or thiazide diuretics, are the most effective therapy for hypertension and edoema in PSGN. In this review we’ll be looking at the disease causes, epidemiology, presentation and treatment.
Keywords: Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, hypertension, disease causes, Hematuria