Alteration in the Efficacy of in Vitro Vancomycin and Ceftazidime Prepared in Normal Saline Versus Balanced Salt Solution in the Management of Ocular Infections
Hussain Ahmad Khaqan
Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan.
Laraib Hassan
Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan.
Sabah Eric *
Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Hasnain Muhammad Buksh
Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan.
Raheela Naz
Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ali Haider
Department of Ophthalmology , Post Graduate Medical Institute , AmeerUd Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital,Lahore, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this review article is to highlight the efficacy of Vancomycin and Ceftazidime formulated in different solutions for ocular use in the management of microbiological Ocular infections varies.
Methodology: To locate and assess all relevant literature, we employed systematic review as a search approach, utilizing punctilious and unambiguous methodologies. We initiated by stipulating key terms and selecting appropriate databases for your literature search. To find replicable and reportable publications from high-quality peer-reviewed journals, we used Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate.
Results: Ceftazidime precipitated at 37 degree Celsius, but not at room temperature, however it did not show any effect on the pH of the medium. In both the media of Normal Saline and Balanced Salt Solution, it precipitated on its own or when coupled with vancomycin. Ceftazidime was initially prepared in Balanced Salt Solution rather than Normal Saline, which resulted in further precipitation. Ceftazidime prepared in Normal Saline precipitated to 54% after 168 hours in the dialysis chambers, compared to 88% in Balanced Salt Solution. Ceftazidime synthesized in Normal Saline declined from an initial concentration of 137.5 to 73.4 µg/ml after 48 hours, while ceftazidime prepared in Balanced Salt Solution decreased to 6.3µg/ml. Vancomycin precipitation was inappreciable.
Conclusion: Vancomycin did not precipitate in Normal Saline or Balanced Salt Solution, according to this systemic study. Regardless of the presence of vancomycin, ceftazidime precipitated, and it precipitated more expeditiously if it was produced in Balanced Salt Solution rather than Normal Saline.
Keywords: Vancomycin, ceftazidime, effectiveness, normal saline, balanced salt solution