Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors Association with Functional Dyspepsia
Prem Kumar Maheshwari
Department of Gastroenterology, Isra University Hospital, Pakistan.
Hassan Liaquat Memon
Department of Gastroenterology, United Hospital Karachi, Pakistan.
Kapeel Raja
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jilani Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat, Pakistan.
Shaista Zeb
Department of Gastroenterology, Isra University Hospital, Pakistan.
Kamran Ahmed Almani
Department of Gastroenterology, Isra University Hospital, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of functional dyspepsia in our population.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted department of gastroenterology of Isra University Hospital from February 2019 to January 2020. All the patients of all age groups presented with functional dyspepsia and either of gender were included in the study. Patients were interviewed regarding modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors like age, gender, smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption and stress. All the data was gathered via study proforma.
Results: Total 200 cases of functional dyspepsia were studied for modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Mean age of the cases was 49.45+6.33 years. Most of the cases were more than 40 years of the age. Males were 64.5% and females were 40.5%. According to the ethnicity Sindhi and Punjabi were commonest as 40.5% and 35.0% respectively. Inadequate physical activity and smoking habits were highly prevalent as 57.5% and 36.0% respectively.
Conclusion: As per study conclusion age more than thirty years, male gender, ethnicity of Sindhi and Punjabi, smoking and inadequate physical activity were observed to be highly prevalent modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor of the functional dyspepsia.
Keywords: Dyspepsia, risk factors, ethnicity, gender, smoking