Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Mohammed Salah Hussein
Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Dr Samir Abbas Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Majed Talal Al nujaiman
King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia.
H. Althomali, Abdullah Mohammed
Taif University, Saudi Arabia.
Marwan Naif Alsehli
Taibah University Saudi Arabia.
Laila Mohammed Mujarribi
Jazan University, King Fahad General Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Wasel A. Mukhtar
Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Saad A. Alsharif
Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Safwan Mohammed M. Alim
Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Bandar Hamdan Jasi Alshamrani
Albaha University, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a common syndrome (FM) that is prevalent all over the world with different prevalence rates in each country. The etiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia are still unknown, unclear, and with uncertain pathophysiology. Diagnosis of fibromyalgia is not that easy because the disease is described as multifactorial, and very little information is known about the causes of the disease. Treatment of fibromyalgia is not totally curative; treatment aims to improve and alleviate the symptoms as easing pain, improving sleep, develop the physical function. The main problem with fibromyalgia is not only difficulty of diagnosis or poor prognosis, but also the treatment is not adequate or satisfactory, so it is of great importance to educate the patients about their illness and giving them advice on how to limit the risk factors that aggravate the case, besides educating patients to use non-pharmacological strategies for better management.
Keywords: Fibromyalgia, joints, musculoskeletal, management