Okra-derived dietary Carotenoid lutein against Breast Cancer, with an Approach towards Developing a Nutraceutical Product: A Meta-analysis Study
Abd Elmoneim O. Elkhalifa
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, 7 Saudi Arabia.
Eyad Al-Shammari
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, 7 Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Jahoor Alam
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia.
Jerold C. Alcantara
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia.
Nagat Elzein Eltoum
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, 7 Saudi Arabia.
Syed Amir Ashraf *
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail PO Box 2440, 7 Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: Cancer chemoprevention with phytochemicals such as “lutein” derived from the vegetable okra could prove beneficial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of “lutein” against the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and to establish the possible development of lutein based nutraceuticals.
Methodology: A literature survey was performed using online data bases such as PubMed, Google scholar, and EMBASE, from 2000 to 2020 by using keywords such as “Lutein”, “Anticancer activity”, “Breast cancer cell lines”, and “MCF-7”. Studies reported lutein anticancer potentials against MCF-7 were included in the study.
Results: Out of 28 studies, 7 research articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis data indicated that, a lutein concentration at ≥1 µM was able to reduce the MCF-7 cell viability of 59.837 with a 95% confidence interval (CI): 48.331 to 71.343. Additionally, a forest plot of the cumulative studies also indicated that impact of lutein concentration to reduce the MCF-7 cell viability was around 60%. Moreover, the I2 value of lutein was 74%, which is a considerable heterogeneity.
Conclusion: Therefore, based upon the meta-analysis data, the conclusion is that dietary lutein supplementation and fortification of food with clinical data could be an approach to develop a nutraceutical product for preventive, as well as for adjunct therapeutic purposes in various breast cancer subtypes.
Keywords: Anticancer, breast Cancer Cell line, Carotenoids, Lutein, MCF-7, Nutraceuticals, OKRA