Overweight and Obesity Prevalence and Predictors in People Living in Karachi
Sadaf Ibrahim
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Zuneera Akram
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aisha Noreen
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mirza Tasawer Baig *
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Samina Sheikh
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Ambreen Huma
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aisha Jabeen
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muneeza Lodhi
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Shahzada Azam Khan
Memon Medical Institute Hospital Karachi Pakistan.
Ajmal Hudda
Sante Pharmaceutical (Pvt.) Ltd. Karachi Pakistan.
Uzma Shahid
Surecell Clinic Karachi Pakistan.
Nayel Syed
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related its factors among the citizens of Karachi.
Methodology: From Jan 2018 to August 2018. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain information from 772 persons using a validated questionnaire and traditional height and weight evaluation methods have been used. Overweight and obesity were described by South Asian cut-off points as 23 ≥ BMI (Normal), 25.0 - 29.9 BMI (Overweight) and 30 ≤ BMI (Obese) respectively. For data processing, version 21.0 of SPSS was used.
Results: In this sample study men was 44.5% and women was 55.5%.Age group 20-39 was the most numerous group which was 55.70%. Among Overweight and obesity were found to be higher in men than in women. About 23.3% of the people were smokers, 1.42% was alcohol consumer, while 20.3% had vegetarian diet, 55.8% had semi-vegetarian diet, and 23.8% had non-vegetarian diet. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals with co-morbidities is 33.96 %, p=0.000. There were 38.5% of people who performed physical activity for at least 30 minutes every day.
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity prevalence was found to be high among Karachi individuals, particularly in men than in women. The predictors of obesity were sedentary lifestyle, including diet and lack of physical exercise, smoking, alcohol intake, and presence of co-morbidities. Preventive steps to avoid overweight and obesity may be recommended for people.
Keywords: Overweight, obesity, body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, co-morbidities