In vivo and In vitro Antifungal Activity of 2,3-Dimethylquinoxline
Abdelbagi Alfadil *
Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hamoud A. Alsamhan
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed S. Ali
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Huda M. Alkreathy
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad W. Alrabia
Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Hani Y. Abdullah
Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: To explore the antifungal activity of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline.
Study Design: A preclinical study of a compound against 10 fungal species.
Backgrounds: Severe fungal infections cause significant clinical problem and need more effort to search for new antifungals.
Methodology: We evaluated the susceptibility of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline in vitro against a wide range of pathogenic fungi, including six Candida species, two Aspergillus species, one Cryptococcus species, and one Trichophyton species. Also, we evaluated the susceptibility of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline in vivo against oral candidiasis using a mice model.
Results: The highest score of the minimum inhibitory concentration was 9 µg/ml against Cryptococcus neoformans. While, the lowest score was 1125 µg/ml against Candida tropicalis. The oral candidiasis in a mouse model was resolved using 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline 1% gel.
Conclusion: The 2,3-Dimethyquinoxaline has interesting antifungal activity. Quinoxalines in general need to be further developed as a promising antifungal candidate.
Keywords: Antifungal, aspergillus, candida, cryptococcus, 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline, trichophyton