One Factor SEM and Multilevel SEM Model for Patient Satisfaction Data
Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani
College of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
Sajjad Ali Gill *
Department of sports sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
Shaukat Ali Raza
Department of Business Education Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Shumaila Abbas
College of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Farooq
Department of Statistics, Govt. College University Lahore, Pakistan.
Sana Saeed
College of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
Hira Shahid
Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Structural equation models are very common in medical, social, management and behavioral sciences where researchers established some causal relations between observed variables and latent variable. In structured populations the assumption of independence of observations is often violated and had been ignored by the researchers. As a result with the correlated structure of the error terms, biased estimates of the parameters have been produced that leads towards incorrect statistical inference. Multilevel structural equation model under one factor model has been proposed, estimated and compared with the traditional structural equation model on patient satisfaction data. Multilevel structural equation model produced better estimates than the structural equation models.
Keywords: Causal relation, path diagram, SEM, multilevel SEM