Genetic Identification: A Review on Autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphism’s as Diagnostic Tool for Identifying Human
Fahmida Kahtoon *
Department of Biochemistry, College of medicine, Hail University, Saudi Arabia.
Ruba Mustafa Elsaid Ahmed
Department of Pathology, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Naveed Iqbal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of medicine, Hail University, Saudi Arabia.
Zahid Balouch
United Medical College, Jinnah University, Pakistan.
Fahad Saleh Alenazi
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hail University, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Single Nucleotide polymorphisms are biological markers, helping researchers to locate genes that are associated with various diseases. When SNPs occur within a gene or in a regulatory region near a gene, they may play a more direct role in disease by affecting the gene's function. Most SNPs have no effect on health or development.Advancement in the field of genetics has resulted in the application of several techniques of molecular genetics in Pharmacogenomics. Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) holds the key in defining the risk of an individual’s susceptibility to various illnesses and response to drugs The body of human beings is composed of DNA which is a chemical molecule responsible for imparting phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to the individuals. The most recent advancement of molecular genetics, which has found application in forensic science, is the use of autosomal SNPs because they can provide information about the ancestral genetics of human beings.The primary aim of this research is to explore the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic science through the identification of humans at a crime scene.
A secondary qualitative research design has been selected for conducting this study. This secondary research is based on a systematic review of the studies which have provided an insight in the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic sciences by using various Data search Engine. SNPs can be used in the forensic investigation for the identification of individuals present at the crime scene.
Keywords: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), short tandem repeats (STRs), biogeographic ancestry, signal joint T cell receptor excision circles (sjTRECs).