Topical Corticosteroids in Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: An Overview of Their Current Status
Kusha Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
Abhay Tharmatt
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
Shivali Salooria
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
Rashi Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
Neena Bedi *
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by epidermal changes with immune regulatory abnormalities. The pathogenesis of AD involves skin barrier defects, genetic factors and immune deregulation. The AD therapy includes skin hydration, anti-inflammatory agents, antibacterial medications and treatment of pruritus. Currently, topical corticosteroids (TCs) are the most frequently used drugs for the treatment of AD due to their potent immunosuppressive action. However, TCs are associated with several local and systemic side effects. The topical steroid addiction and phobia are among the major challenges with TC therapy. Over the years, efforts are being made to reduce side effects which involve adjustment of dosing, minimizing use in vulnerable areas, avoiding prolonged drug usage and application of novel drug delivery systems. The present review provides an overview of the current and upcoming delivery systems of TCs along with novel approaches being employed to improve the drug delivery in the treatment of AD.
Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, inflammation, topical corticosteroids, novel drug delivery systems, side effects, steroid phobia.