Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of Artichoke Leaf Extract and Rosemary Extract against Paracetamol Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats
Eman Aly Sadeek Fadlalla *
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sahar Mousa Galal
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Paracetamol overdose is a predominant cause of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in both humans and experimental animals. There is an emerging focus on plant products to find a highly effective and reliable drug for the prevention of paracetamol –induced toxicity.
Objective: In this study, we investigated the Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Leaf extract and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract against paracetamol Induced toxicity in Albino Rats.
Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: Negative control, paracetamol (1000 mg/kg dose) PCT, artichoke leaf extract “ALE” (1.5 g/kg, orally + paracetamol for 30 d), rosemary extract “RE” (125 mg/kg + paracetamol for 30 days) and the last group was treated with PCT+ ALE+ RE for 30 days.
Results: Paracetamol caused marked liver damage as noted by significant increased activities of serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Paracetamol also raised serum levels of urea, creatinine, and Cystatin-C. In addition, there was a significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin. Paracetamol caused an elevation in lipid peroxidation paralleled with significant decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activities of glutathione-S- transferase (GST), glutathione (GPX) peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and kidney. These results are confirmed in the histological examination of the liver and kidney.
Conclusion: Treatment with artichoke leaf extract (ALE) and rosemary extract (RE) produced a potential protection of the liver and kidney against biochemical and histological alterations and oxidative stress induced by paracetamol.
Keywords: Paracetamol, artichoke leaf extract, rosemary extract, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, rats.