The Impact of Medical Negligence on Patient Safety in Healthcare Organization

Medical negligence (carelessness, nonperformance, laxness) is at peak to concern about public health among public health care providers as it affects public health and safety and also not only health wealth. It indicates the main or fixes of patient injury or health. Or any disability which Is permanent to the subject or patient. patient safety is dependent on doctors’ skill and experience that how he \she is gone treat the subject. All negligence by which patients suffer a major trauma \injuries \disability is major negligence which is bad for doctors’ reputation \and also harms its degree may be the chances of getting suspension and also stay at its practice. this research analyzed negligence and lack of awareness of doctors toward patients’ treatment. Patient safety is vital among and during its treatment and nourishing. various site is used to analyze the vital data to preserve the review among all article it’s like collecting all the data from various Biblio form which implement the same issues of negligence. The annual percentage or counting (quantity) of cases is increasing of negligence in the medical field due to wrong (incorrect, unrelated medicine), maximum charging (billing) of various process unnecessary. All the doctors (interns) and all medical officers are responsible for patient death which happen um needed in hospitals. in tertiary care hospitals, the number of negligence cases is increasing due to rush of emergencies causalities trauma patients is gradually increasing, thus Review Article Khan and Waghmode; JPRI, 33(62A): 561-566, 2021; Article no.JPRI.80532 562 various investigation is needed against negligence or carelessness cases which harms the patients or subjects reason for the disability of subject or victims. Thus this is the review article for medical negligence in health care organizations and its impact on public safety and health.


INTRODUCTION
Medical negligence also called (Medical malpractices, medical carelessness, and also called medical errors) is decreasing as per the hospitals due to spreading awareness about the carelessness worldwide thus malpractices is decreasing, and also the error of machines and any instrument due to a medical practitioner is also in less quantity and decreases due spreading vital awareness about due to medical advertisements. Medical negligence occurs due to (When medical practitioners, physicians choose or select the. Wrong the procedure or treatment or improperly execute the procedure or treatment which harms the patient that the improper treatment causes vital harm to patients and having trouble with a further surgical procedure (Medical pathways of treatment. which required after any discrepancies of body muscle or any systemic organ which is a vital part of our body thus, medical practitioners (physician) is well aware of what he is using, prescribing, test, radiographic test, and giving prescription under patient socioeconomic status which she /he can afford the medicine and hospital charges [1].
The medical field directly impacts people. Its mean value of the social world, country's development. when all the hospital recruit a good doctor it is mean its gone be a perfect hospital in itself but it is not like that good doctors is also doing mistake its not intensional mistakes but a medical crime or diligence that destroy /or affect the reputation of doctors [2]. All negligence in all the article. that is made on medical negligence or carelessness there is one common thing that is more number of cases seen on the wrong prescription given to patient a silly mistake but a huge impact on patient and OPD due to its carelessness patient might be dying or having some serious issues regarding health due to one wrong prescription .and also side effect, allergy, adverse effect, drug interaction, metabolism, of medicine is known to doctors but its doctor's duty to introduce all this to patient [3].

MEDICAL PROFESSION
The medical profession is seen as honorable since it aids in the preservation of life. We believe that life is a gift from God. As a result, a doctor plays a role in God's plan because he is responsible for carrying out His mandate. A patient usually seeks out a doctor or facility based on his or her reputation. A patient's expectations are twofold: doctors and hospitals are expected to give medical treatment using all of their knowledge and ability, and they are also required not to hurt the patient in any way due to negligence, carelessness, or reckless behavior on the part of their staff [4].
For the sake of diagnosis, treatment, organ transplant, research, disclosure of medical information, and educational and medico-legal objectives, there is a legal obligation to get prior agreement (from living patients). It is critical to secure informed consent from the patient for pathological post mortem, medico-legal post mortem, organ transplant (for legal heirs), and medical record disclosure in the case of the deceased [5].
The jurisprudential principle of stare decision is based on a Latin term that means "to stand by decided decisions," "to uphold precedents," and "to preserve the positions established by higher courts before." One of the most fundamental aspects of a good law is that it is clear, concise, and unambiguous, with the flexibility to apply to a variety of situations, facts, and circumstances and that justice is carried out in line with the law. The goal is to prevent citizens from becoming confused about what the law of the land is. As stated in u.a. one forty-one of the Constitution [6].

METHODOLOGY
Tertiary care hospitals are highly specialized medical care units and have advanced medical instruments advanced procedures and treatment done in a state of the art and fine facilities. Tertiary care hospitals have modern treatment technology. The casualty or emergencies of these hospitals is mostly road traffic accident and serious traumas. Treatment is done in tertiary care centers [7]. It is accurate and finely done than other hospitals and care units. In lowerincome countries the estimated cost is roughly is 1-2% of countries gross. India is among one of the developing nations which experience the highest rate of road casualty in the tertiary care center. Inefficient road traffic accidents cause a huge impact on the country's socio-economic development. The overall tertiary care center is best for treatment for a road accident. Road traffic accident problems arise due to poor road construction and not following proper traffic rules while driving. To do so one-year retrospective study will be conducted to know the incidence and pattern of road traffic accidents reported to casualty/department of trauma [8].
To maintain road safety, it is critical to understand transportation demands, patterns, and modalities. The rise of automobile industries, successive governments' liberalized economic policies, extensive media advertising, people's increased purchasing power, easy access to loans, and bad public transportation networks may have all contributed to an increase in road traffic accidents. People are exposed to RTI's in different ways due to spatial placements due to heavy vehicles and poor road construction and rules [9].
An accident is a noteworthy occurrence. Any case of injury or ailment admitted to tertiary care hospitals will be treated carefully, if in case the treatment is not done properly the patient can file a case against the hospital. This type of case or offense is involved known as a medico-legal case (MLC). The injury cases may be an implication offense (Intensional accident and any acts of violence of traffic rule, minor driving accidents), vehicular accidents if suspected intensionally then medical report is major proof for case. These types of hospitals(tertiary hospitals) are best placement for internship, students for future treatment,it will help them to improvise themselves for any types of causality attending in any hospitals [10].
Cases of trauma during accidents is forms a vital element/constituent of exigency/ disaster/ trauma brought in casualty. Department of hospital and staff member along with modern technology and needed helpful facilities (Medical instruments). Compromise most significant constituent of tertiary care centre. These hospital provide /supply proper medicine instantly when needed by the patients. Staff is properly experienced on which a patient can trust. RTA is highly encountered issue in day to day life. Student will get proper education toward future accident cases and should know how to deal with case injury during accident. It increases the view and proper awareness towards medicolegal cases (Road accident) [11].

ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
RTA cases are seen mostly during monsoon in tertiary care centre. Tertiary care specialized hospitals are observed / established in rural area to search out the consistency of various type of pattern of road traffic accident at casualty of.To be aware/have knowledge about procedures being followed in medico-legal cases in.To be aquainted with total cases coming in To understand/ persue mostly coming across problems during road traffic accident. To know about pattern of injuries during accident at casuality of AVBRH sawangi [12].
Total duration of study is one year. The information will be collected from road accident registered in emergency ward of AVBRH.A predesigned form will be created to collect personal information like age, sex, gender, socioeconomic status, time of day incidence , date and time of entry , date of discharge, time span of hospital stay, pattern of injury during admission, sort of accident/ truama cases and condition at the time of completion.The collected data will then be analysed and depicted in sort of table, charts etc. by using various parameter [13].
All this cases registered as road traffic accident at index/list of the casuality centerwill be included in this investigation and also registered cases of cases of RTA in shalini tai superspeciality hospital Trauma/Incidence cases which are not considered under RTA and cases in which history will be insufficient/partial will be eliminated from this investigation.According to AVBRH ,OPD of casuality and accident cases minimum 6-7 cases are brought to this hospital. In which half of the cases are medico-legal and incidence based trauma. All the cases which will be eligible for road accident is taken under observation and used for further studies and will be completely followed up and analysed. Outcome datareport number of outcome/ events/ summary measures .All this will be considered and will be studied [14].
In general, negligence refers to failing. To take proper care of something, negligence in law refers to a breach of a duty of care that results in damage. Forensic pathologists must investigate. and maintain a high level of communication between doctors, patients, and law enforcement organizations. Here are a few examples of medical malpractice that could result in a lawsuit, Misdiagnosis, or failure to diagnose.,Laboratory results are misread or ignored., Surgery that isn't required Surgical blunders or surgery performed in the wrong location.,Medication or dose is incorrect.,There was no follow-up or aftercare., Premature ejection. Medical malpractice is punishable under a variety of laws, including torts, the Indian Penal Code, the Indian Contracts Act, and the Consumer Act, among others. It is described as on the part of a medical practitioner or doctor, and it is responsible for a large number of fatalities and illnesses each year [15].

MEDICAL MALPRACTICE
A medical malpractice claim (Also kno wn as a clinical negligence. claim) arises when a patient sues their doctor or hospital (or both) for negligence. In the event of malpractice lawsuits, the first step should be to complain with the Medical Board Council the responsible doctor, provider, or organization. Depending on the details of the conduct, the victim may file a complaint in consumer forum or court of law. Medical carelessness (Negligence) is separate topic in medical forensic subject which teach us a character and mistakes which is medical crime which is not acceptable in this proffesional field medical negligence ,a corum aur breaking of decorum about medical practitioner or provider which is wrong for others doctors .community or committee which is held for medical negligence there is a severe and minor mistake a silly mistake had been done but the crime is which patient suffer from any trauma or disability permanent, lackeness in medical field indirectly belongs to negligence that's why in India internship in MBBS course teach us about so many things that we had or will never be done in your life. A perfect example or subject for doctors is its on attitude and concentration while treating to patient doctors is like a god for the patient if the doctor (Medical practioner) made a mistake then that god is not any more god patient threaten him or her like he is criminal because of some doctors whole [16].

DIAGNOSIS
Failure to make the proper diagnosis, birth injuries, and drug errors are three typical types of medical negligence claims. In this article, we'll go through some of the most common medical mistakes to assist you to figure out if you've been hurt as a result of medical malpractice. In the event of medical malpractice, the first step should be to make a formal complaint with the Provincial Health Council against the responsible doctor, therapist, or authority. Depending on the circumstances of the wrongdoing, the individual may file a complaint in a class action or criminal court. The question is always whether the practitioner used reasonable skill and care, or, to put it another way, whether his or her actions fell short of those of a reasonably competent practitioner in the field. It will not be considered if the mistake was made by a reasonably competent practitioner. It must be established that the health professional owed the patient reasonable care, that the legal obligation was infringed, and that the customer was harmed as a result of the violation to bring a legal case civil liability [17].
Negligence to the extreme. The most extreme kind of negligence is gross negligence, which is the word most frequently used in medical malpractice trials. Correlativperso Vicarious Competence is a term used to describe when someone else is responsible for another person Offenses (for example, purposefully striking a person), irresponsible torts (for example, hit a pedestrian by refusal to maintain traffic regulations), nor mandatory reporting torts (for illustration, hit a pedestrian by failing to follow traffic rules) are the three types of law of tort [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].

CONCLUSION
Closing criminal malpractice occurs when medical professionals or doctors fail to provide adequate care and fail to take effective controls or remedies, leading to an infringement of their obligations that causes injury to victims. Medical malpractice carries civil, penal, and regulatory consequences. Contractual irresponsibility.
Even though there is no stated condition in the service agreement, it is assumed that the therapist will use reasonable diligence in treating a patient. As a result of the breach of this duty, the partnership is broken. To succeed in court, loss of self-control must establish four elements: duty, breaches, responsibility, and impacts. In essence, if anyone acts carelessly and injures any offender, the negligent individual will be held legally accountable for any ensuing loss thereunder fundamental norm of "irresponsibility."

CONSENT
It is not applicable.

ETHICS APPROVAL
Ethics approval will be provided by Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC)-DMIMS.