In-vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Corchorus olitorius Leaves and Seed Ethanol Extract

Background: Medicinal herbs have been widely used in therapeutic applications for various diseases in today’s world. These herbs are used by village folk medicine, but without scientific evidence. Corchorus olitorius, also known as jute mallow is a herb that possesses many curing effects like pain, fever and many other diseases like cystitis and tumour etc. Objective: The objective of the study was to elucidate the effects of corchorus olitorius as antioxidant and antidiabetic. Materials and Methods: In Vitro Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant properties were conducted using various tests. Alpha amylase inhibitory activity and alpha glucosidase inhibitory Original Research Article Britina et al.; JPRI, 33(64A): 364-372, 2021; Article no.JPRI.74417 365 activity for antidiabetic activity and DPPH free radical scavenging assay for antioxidant property was performed. The results were compared with standard metformin and aspirin respectively. Results: Results showed a dose dependent increase in alpha amylase inhibitory activity with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml. Results showed a dose dependent increase in alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml. Results showed a dose dependent increase in DPPH free radical scavenging activity with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml. Conclusion: The results showed an innovative finding that ethanolic seed extract of corchorus olitorius has great potential as antidiabetic and antioxidant property which can be used as novel innovative natural medication in the medical field rather than using any artificial synthetic drug which causes many other side-effects like allopathic drugs.


INTRODUCTION
Medicinal herbs are extensively used in medical science because of their wide spectrum uses. 70% of Indian population uses medicinal herbs for general ailment. Mostly used as traditional medicines in India [1]. Corchorus olitorius is also known as jute mallow or nalta jute and possesses many curing effects [2].. Traditionally its leaves are used in the treatment of pain, fever and many other diseases like cystitis and tumours [3]. Cold infusion restores strength and appetite [4,5]. Oil of Corchorus olitorius has estrogenic effects. Seeds contain many cardiac phytochemicals and hydrogen cyanides like corchoroside A and corechoroside B [6].
Jute is also rich in ascorbic acid and is consumed by many in the form of vegetables in taiwan. The high content of carotenoids and alpha tocopherol makes Corchorus olitorius a rich source of many properties which can be used for treatments [7]. Jute also contains high levels of all essential amino acids except methionine. Phenolics in Jute are much richer than any other vegetables [2,8]. Free radicals are very reactive substances which are produced in the body after processes like metabolism or exposure to x-rays [9]. These are like superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and these move in the body and cause destruction of the body cells [10]. The enzymes which are produced in the body like antioxidant enzymes, these scavenge or destroy the free radicals which are harmful for our body [11,12].
The limitations of the study was that only few methods were used to check the activity with specific concentrations. This study will scientifically prove the usage of Corchorus olitorius as folklore medicine without any scientific approach but because of the tradition they used. Inhibitory activity (%) = (1 − As/Ac) ×100

Assessment of in vitro
Where, As is that the absorbance within the presence of test substance and Ac is that the absorbance of control.

Assessment of antioxidant properties
DPPH radical assay The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was performed by LiyanaPathirana and Shahidi method [Kikuzaki and Nakatan, 1993]. 200 µL of 0.1 mM DPPH prepared in methanol was added to 100 µL of the plant compounds with an increase in concentration (0.1 to 0.5mg/ml). The resulting mixture was incubated at temperature within the dark for a quarter-hour. Absorbance was observed at 517 nm. BHT was taken as a positive control. The experiment was administered in triplicates and percentage inhibition of the DPPH radical scavenging activity was calculated.

Statistical Analysis
The data were analysed statistically using one way analysis of variance (ONE-WAY ANOVA). Duncan Multiple range test was used to analyze the statistical significance between groups. The levels of significance were considered at the levels of p<0.05.

RESULTS
Results of alpha amylase inhibitory activity of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract showed a dose dependent increase in alpha amylase inhibitory activity with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml.
Results of alpha amylase inhibitory activity of Corchorus olitorius seed extract showed a dose dependent increase inhibition with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml.
Results of alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract showed a dosedependent increase in inhibition with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml.
Results of alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of Corchorus olitorius seed extract showed a dosedependent increase in inhibition with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml.
Results of DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Corchorus olitorius showed a dose-dependent increase in inhibition with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml.
Results of DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Corchorus olitorius seed extract showed a dose-dependent increase in inhibition with concentration ranging from 100-500 micro/ml. Fig. 1. Fig. 1 represents alpha amylase inhibitory activity of leaf extract. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of 6 observations. Significance at the levels of P < 0.05.a-compared with 100 µg; b-compared with 200 µg; c-compared with 300 µg. Blue colour denotes standard drug and red colour denotes the extract Fig. 2. Fig. 2 represents alpha amylase inhibitory assay of seed extract. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of 6 observations. Significance at the levels of P < 0.05.a-compared with 100 µg; b-compared with 200 µg; c-compared with 300 µg. Blue colour denotes standard drug and red colour denotes the extract Fig. 3. Figure 3 alpha Glucosidase inhibitory assay of leaf extract. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of 6 observations. Significance at the levels of P < 0.05.a-compared with 100 µg; bcompared with 200 µg; c-compared with 300 µg. Blue colour denotes standard drug and red colour denotes the extract Fig. 4. Figure 4 represents the alpha Glucosidase inhibitory assay of seed extract. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of 6 observations. Significance at the levels of P < 0.05.a-compared with 100 µg; b-compared with 200 µg; c-compared with 300 µg. Blue colour denotes standard drug and red colour denotes the extract

DISCUSSION
The present study was done to evaluate the antiinflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties of Corchorus olitorius. AECO( Aqueous Extract of Corchorus Olitorius) has a peripheral along with central analgesic effects and which comes out in a concentration independent manner [13,14].
Phytochemical content of seed extract has alkaloids, saponins which shows hypoglycaemic effect, and other great potential treating effects [15]. Some findings suggest the use of Corchorus olitorius as body cooling drink [4,16]. DPPH free radical scavenging is performed against lipid oxidation effects of antioxidants on DPPH radical scavenging was assumed because of the hydrogen donating ability [17,18]. Corchorus olitorius leaf has higher phenolic content than many other vegetables like spinach, collard greens, green cabbage, and tomatoes [19]. The results also match with previous articles with DPPH free scavenging ability [20]. The working of the seed extract is related to the phytochemical content of the extract [21,22]. Of these alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins have shown to have hypoglycaemic effects [23,24]. C. olitorius is used as vegetables and in traditional medicine for the management of some diseases [25,26].
The presence of coumarin compounds in C. olitorius leaves may be responsible for the inhibition activity.5-caffeoylquinic acid, [27,28] quercetin and the related glycosides found in jute show good antioxidative capabilities and DPPH scavenging effects [29,30]. Flavonoids is attributed to its anti diabetic properties [31,32]. Thus further studies on identification on bio active compounds would add confirmation to the present findings. Certain limitations like smallscale testing and only few standard drugs are used for respective tests.

CONCLUSION
The results showed that ethanolic seed extract of Corchorus olitorius has great potential as antidiabetic and antioxidant properties which can be used as natural medication in the medical field rather than using allopathic , synthetic drugs with many other side-effects.

NOTE
The study highlights the efficacy of "traditional medicine" which is an ancient tradition, used in some parts of India. This ancient concept should be carefully evaluated in the light of modern medical science and can be utilized partially if found suitable.

DISCLAIMER
The products used for this research are commonly and predominantly use products in our area of research and country. There is absolutely no conflict of interest between the authors and producers of the products because we do not intend to use these products as an avenue for any litigation but for the advancement of knowledge. Also, the research was not funded by the producing company rather it was funded by personal efforts of the authors.

CONSENT
It is not applicable.

ETHICAL APPROVAL
It is not applicable.