A Survey on Jaw Correction in Aesthetical Aspects

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery helps in adjusting your bite, correcting conditions that affect the symmetry of your face etc. Corrective jaw surgery or is designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face. Aim: The aim of this study is to pass on the knowledge and information about Jaw correction in aesthetical aspects Materials and Methods: The present study was a questionnaire based survey. The data was entered and analyzed using a software program called SPSS Statistics version 23. Result: From the responses obtained, about 40 percent of the respondents belonged to the age group of 23-25 whereas about 35 percent belonged to the age group of 17-19 and the rest of 25 percent belonged to the age group of 20-22 Conclusion: The present study thus concluded that the knowledge of jaw correction in aesthetical aspects was passed on to the undergraduates students.


INTRODUCTION
Jaw correction or orthognathic surgery may be recommended if you have a jaw issue that can't be treated orthodontically. Orthognathic surgery helps in adjusting your bite, correcting conditions that affect the symmetry of your face etc. Corrective jaw surgery or is designed to correct

Original Research Article
conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot be easily treated with braces, as well as the broad range of facial imbalances, disharmonies, asymmetries and malproportions were correction can be considered to improve facial aesthetics and self esteem [1].
Successful outcomes in corrective jaw surgery always rely on the close collaboration between the oral maxillofacial surgeon and the orthodontists across all stages of treatment, from preoperative planning till the completion of the surgery. The aims of jaw correction, which is defined as the treatment of any facial deformity by birth or due to accident are firstly, to achieve the best functional dental occlusion and secondly, to give the best aesthetic result. Planning of the treatment will help in determining the jaw movements necessary to achieve a good occlusion.
Patients neither know nor care about the movements of the jaw at completion of treatment but all can look in the mirror and judge their facial appearance. All the patients expect to get better results following the surgery. Patients who can benefit from jaw correction include those with biting problems or jaws that are positioned improperly. Jaw growth is a gradual process and in some instances, the upper and lower jaws may not match at the end of growth. Planning for the surgery usually involves input from a multidisciplinary team, including oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and occasionally a speech and language therapist. Although it depends on the reason for surgery, working with a speech and language therapist in advance can help minimize potential relapse [2,3].
The surgery usually results in a noticeable change in the patient's face; a psychological assessment is occasionally required to assess the patient's need for surgery and its predicted effect on the patient. Radiographs and photographs are taken to help in the planning [4]. There is also advanced software that can predict the shape of the patient's face after surgery, which is useful for the planning and also explaining the surgery to the patient and the patient's family. The origins of orthognathic surgery also belong in oral surgery. Orthognathic surgery is an unique endeavor in facial surgery and a patient's facial appearance and occlusal function can be improved significantly impacting the patient's sense of life. An improved understanding of the biological and surgical principle and the routine involvement of the orthodontists have fueled widespread adoption of a coordinated approach to treatment of dentofacial deformity or problems [5].
The principles of the sequencing of osteotomies are discussed and literature is reviewed that may assist in decision-making as to maxilla first versus mandibular first surgery [6]. The utility of associated complications and be able to critically assess outcomes following the surgery [6]. Orthognathic surgery is a surgery aimed at the correction of functional and aesthetics of severe dento-facial deformity through combination of orthodontic, surgical and possibly restorative dentistry [4]. The most common reason for patients seeking combined orthodontic and surgical treatment is dental/facial problems.
The main motive of this study is to pass on the knowledge and information about Jaw correction in aesthetical aspects. A survey was conducted on jaw correction in aesthetical aspects. The responses got from the survey were statistically analysed. Bar graphs, pie charts and cross tabs were obtained for each comparison. The results were discussed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of Saveetha Dental College belonging to the general population. Number of people involved in initiating this research is 2. The survey was answered by 135 respondents. Demographic details were also included in the questionnaire and the questions were also asked based on the previously known knowledge on jaw correction. A multistage sampling method was followed. The data was entered and analyzed using a software program called SPSS Statistics version 23. A selfadministered, anonymous questionnaire prepared in the english was used to collect data about the previously known knowledge on jaw correction and the sociodemographic characteristics, thoughts on jaw correction and the benefits of jaw correction were questioned to the respondents. From the questionnaire, the demographic details such as age of the respondent, gender of the respondent, their interest in undergoing jaw surgery, their knowledge in jaw surgery, Other details such as the benefits of jaw correction were questioned. The present study was approved by Institutional Review Board, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Intitute of Technical and Medical Sciences.

RESULTS
The present study observed that about 135 responses were obtained from the given questionnaire. The responses were tabulated in the form of pie charts and bar charts. From the responses obtained, about 40.30 percent of the respondents belonged to the age group of 23-25 whereas about 35.82 percent belonged to the age group of 17-19 and the rest of 25.88 percent belonged to the age group of 20-22 (Fig. 1). The bar graph represents the association between age and have they ever thought over correcting their jaw. Majority (24.63%) belonging to the age group of 23-25 have thought about correcting their jaw when compared to the age group of 17-19 (20.90%) and 20-22 (12.69%). Pearson chisquare test was done and p value was 0.015 and hence it was significant (Fig. 2).
The bar graph represents the association between age and what the benefits of jaw correction are. The majority (38.06%) belonging to the age group of 23-25 have answered the question as better alignment of teeth when compared to the age group of 17-19 (6.72%) and 20-22 (0%). Pearson chi-square test was done and p value was 0.017 and hence it was significant (Fig. 3). The bar graph represents the association between gender and have they ever thought over correcting their jaw. Majority (37.31%) of females have thought about correcting their jaw when compared to males (19.40). Pearson chi-square test was done and p value was 0.016 and hence it was significant. The bar graph represents the association between gender and what the benefits of jaw correction (Fig. 4) The bar graph represents the association between gender and what the benefits of jaw correction are majority (38.06%) of males answered the question with both better alignment of face and teeth when compared to the females (11.94%). Pearson chi-square test was done and p value was 0.014 and hence it was significant (Fig. 5).

DISCUSSION
About 48 of the respondents from the age group of 17-19 think that jaw correction is important whereas 32 of the respondents from the age group of 20-22 think that jaw correction is important and the rest of the respondents from the age group of 23-25 think that jaw correction is important. About 70 of the female respondents think that jaw correction is important and 65 of the male respondents think that jaw correction is important. About 48 of the respondents from the Orthognathic surgery requires attention to detail and an excellent knowledge of facial anatomy to minimize surgical complications. Failure to appreciate the patient's specific anatomy and poor surgical technique can lead to intraoperative complications unforeseen complications also can occur in any orthognathic procedure [3]. Such complications may include nerve injury, bleeding, unfavorable fractures, and technical difficulties in bony positioning and fixation. The goal of every orthognathic surgeon should be to minimize the risk of these complications by understanding the patient's specific anatomy and undertaking sound preoperative planning. The use of virtual surgical planning software provides the surgeon with additional means to better understand these case-specific details [1,7]. The present study was successfully designed, planned, analysed and correlated through the previously published by our research team [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Specific anatomic structures, such as the neurovascular bundles in the mandible, can be highlighted and referenced to the anticipated osteotomies for improved safety. Corrective jaw surgery is an orthognathic procedure that is used to correct misalignment in one or both jaws that make the lower and upper teeth not meet together correctly. It is an option for those with poor oral function resulting from genetic disorders, birth defects, or facial trauma.

CONCLUSION
The present study thus concluded that the knowledge of jaw correction in aesthetical aspects was passed on to the undergraduates students but the topic still needs more study and the knowledge needs to be passed on to a larger population.

CONSENT
As per international standard or university standard, Participants' written consent has been collected and preserved by the author(s).

ETHICAL APPROVAL
It is not applicable.