Aromatic Profiling and Bioactive Potential of Lavendula angustifolia: A Review

Plants are the vital source around which human life revolves. Starting from our food to medicine we obtain, all such valuable resources come from resilience creatures called plants. Plants are gifted with certain properties that make them precious in all aspects of life. They produce bioactive substances that make them medicinally important for pharmaceutical use. The aromatic plants which are important as industrial raw material are used as essence material in various baking and brewing industries because of their pleasant aroma. These plants undergo distillation processes to extract the essential oils from oil secreting glands. The present review deals with review on aromatic profiling and bioactive potential of Lavendula angustifolia plant and its commercial importance as a plant material.


INTRODUCTION
Aromatic plants are significant and great importance because of their wide commercial uses. Growing use of aromatic flowers as cut flowers and their use in perfumery products lead to their flourishment as a raw material. Angiosperms are distributed all around the globe and there are about 3,00,00 spp and 427 families around globe while in India about 251 angiosperm families exist as per present statistics of BSI, Kolkata. Angiosperms are plants

Review Article
that are rich in aroma while it contains certain families rich in essential oils such as Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myricaceae etc. to name a few. The largest genera include Salvia, Stachys, Plectranthus, Scutelaria, Thymus, Vitex, Nepeta [1]. The family is important as it has ornamental and condimental herbs which are commercially vital. The present plant belongs to one such family Labiatae which is also called sage or mint family . The important species of this genus that are Lavendula latifolia and, Lavendula angustifolia Mill. which are native to Mediterranean region from Africa to Asia [7]. In India it is well marked from Uttarakhand to Kashmir valley [8]. The plant holds great importance since ancient period as Iranian folk medicine [9].

PLANT DESCRIPTION
The plant is a semi-woody, evergreen, perennial plant with lanceolate leaves covered by tomentum, square stem curled at edges. The inflorescence is spike like and has bright purple flowers that are important ornamental blooms. The plant is native to Spain, and some neighboring countries but now naturalized in India. This plant requires fertile loamy soil, and it is propagated vegetatively as well as by seed.

BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL
Lavender augustifolia Mill. is a member of Lamiaceae which is a family rich in polyphenols and other bioactive substances. Flowers are the economical part of the plant that yield phenolic compounds and other active constituents. Cardia et al. [10] used GC-MS chromatography and NMR spectroscopy to examine the bioactive compounds like 1,8 cineole, linalool, camphor which help to control acute inflammatory response and Lavender oil induced the leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro by just varying the concentration of bioactive compounds [11,12]. Linalool, p-cymene, limonene, and camphor were known impart the anti-inflammatory activity which was observed in lavender by lipoxygenase inhibitory activity as reported by Carrasco et al. The dominant bioactives were Linalyl acetate and linalool which corresponds to 1.05% essential oil in the given species, and it shows subsequent amounts of Chlorogenic acid and Rosmarinic acid using its alcoholic extracts was reported [16].

AROMATIC PROFILING IN Lavendula angustifolia
Highlighting the aromatic profiling of this plant, lot much research have done significant work on the oil of this plant and explored its phytoconstituents. Lavendula angustifolia Mill. is rich in various aromatic compound that makes it a majestically useful and mainstay herb in the gardens worldwide. It's also called as English lavender and it finds its place in all the restaurants and kitchens where it is used as a flavoring agent and for seasoning purposes and cosmetic industry. Wang et al. [17] [19] examined the essential oils of lavender to provide protection against neural disorder like Alzheimer disease and dementia, it shows improved cognitive performance against epilepsy and convulsions in animals and human subjects and they are cheap, easy to obtain and safe to use with good efficiency. Oran et al. [20] inferred the methanolic extracts of Lavendula angustifolia Mill. used to control the diabetic dyslipidemia using the hormone sensitive lipase and pancreatic lipase potential which was imparted by Rosmarinic acid and gallic acid in Lavender oil which protects a person from cardiovascular diseases. Souri et al. [21] reported the Apoptotic activity using ELISA and TTC staining by targeting oxidative stress. Silva et al. [22] demonstrated the antinociceptive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties using 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical decolorization assay in the LEO.
Anxiolytic property of LEO using network-metaanalysis (NMA) was performed using Silexan capsules and the significance of this study was to know whether the Silexan capsules ae safe to be used for patients who are undergoing anxiety attacks [23]. Lopez et al. 2017 reported the impact of LEO on the central nervous system using well established receptors such as MAO-A, SERT, GABA and NMDA receptors which shows that LEO has bind to glutamate NMDA-receptor at specific dose with IC 50 value of 0.04 μl/mL. Lavender oil extracted from this plant showed remarkable property as a cardioprotective against myocardial infarction achieved by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation.

CONCLUSION
Lavender oil is a known element which has found place in cosmetic, perfumery, and culinary industry due to bioactive potential and characteristic aroma of the flower and leaves. It is important plant from time immemorial when it was used in bath by romans in ancient time, so we can trace back it is importance as a plant. Lavender is being researched at an infant stage because of localized occurrence and it is only reviewed for bioactive and pharmacological basis that too on a small pace and much more research is required in this part to flourish its literature about other such potentials and secrets that are to be unraveled in the coming time. The present study reviewed the aromatic profiling and bioactive substances that impart the plant certain useful properties that make it a mainstay herb in the gardens and adds to its economic production as a plant. So, there is a lot of scope of this plant to be researched and reviewed as with time and better understanding, we can explore the plant on a large scale based on new properties and can make it a multifarious drug.