Eponyms in Pathology- A Review

Eponyms in medicine have been used widely, as an alternate between the non-possessive and possessive forms. They are used in medicine for better understanding. It also indicates invention, substance with similar appearance, institution name etc., who have discovered or to commemorate their contribution. An extensive review of literature of Eponyms in Pathology by a collection of data from PubMed, Cambridge core, google scholar, Cochrane, and semantic scholar-based medicine articles collected from 2020 2021. Articles were searched with a keyword like “Eponyms in pathology and Appearance in pathology “. Those articles about pathological eponyms are included as study reference. Non indexed and poor grammatical articles were excluded. From which data was analysed to interpret the results. The objective of this study was about the understanding and recognizing the complex pathological patterns.


INTRODUCTION
An eponym may be a place, person or factor when somebody or one thing is known as. It can be pathological and anatomical eponyms within the organic process systems. Elite eponyms of the gastrointestinal system pathology were reviewed [1]. The remarks close to the terms and eponyms within the gastrointestinal system are not different from those encountered in medication normally. Eponyms don't continually mirror or describe the condition. Additionally, it helps in remembering the conditions based on its appearance as an added advantage in avoiding the confusion [2].

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PATHOLOGY EPONYMS
Barrett's muscular structure: Given to a columnar epithelium of muscular structure (CLE) that was understood by thirty different eponyms and terms. Condition wherever abnormal or metaplastic modification within the membrane of the lower portion of muscular structure, from traditional squamous epithelial tissue to columnar epithelial tissue with goblet cells interspersed that area unremarkably gift solely within the bowel [3]. Named after Australian pectoral sawbones Rupert Barrett (1903Barrett ( -1979).
Boerhaave's syndrome: A musculature perforation that occur due to regurgitation. Conditions were related to high mortality, morbidity and was fatal while not treated. Boerhaave (1668-1738) of World Health Organisation have first documented the syndrome.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome a rare syndrome, which is barely a membrane tear [4].
Budd-Chiari syndrome -A very rare condition caused by hepatic vein occlusion that drains liver. Classical triad like ascites, abdominal pain and enlargement of liver were present. It also presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and liver enlargement. British Physician George Budd M.D. (1808 -1882) and Hans Chiari (1851 − 1916), Austrian pathologist names were given [5].
Caroli syndrome -Named after French gastroenterologist Jacquas Caroli who had identified ectasia (or cystic dilatation) of bile duct in liver.
Councilman body -The apoptotic body, also defined as the globular acidophilic cells which represents the dying hepatocytic cells and is found in the lier of persons suffering from yellow fever, hepatitis and other viral diseases. William Thomas Councilman an American pathologist, is an acidophilic globule of cells that represents a dying hepatocyte and is identified in the liver of people who suffer from viral hepatitis (acute), yellow fever or other viral syndromes. Councilman bodies are named after American pathologist William Thomas Councilman (1854-1933), who had discovered them [6].
Crohn's disease -Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) called as Crohn's disease of the digestive tract. Burrill Bernard Crohn was an American gastroenterologist have identified the inflammatory disease extending to the intestines [7].
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease -The condition in which distension of the paraumbilical or umbilical veins caused due to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis known as Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease (Pégot-Cruveilhier-Baumgarten disease). Pégot in 1833 and French pathologist and anatomist Paul Clemens and Jean Cruveilhier described the disease [8,9].
Gardner syndrome-Gastric adenocarcinoma or Turcot syndrome or proximal polyposis of stomach, a familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), due to adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation (APC) a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder with numerous adenomatous polyps progress to colorectal carcinoma [10] Was named after Eldon J. Gardner in 1951 [11].

FOOD EPONYMS IN PATHOLOGY
Acute cake appearance: Described by Richard Shannon (1794) to describe spleen enlargement seen in malarial infection [14,15]. Almondshaped organ: Normal Ovary in gross appearance. Anchovy sauce pus: Brown coloured odourless pus in amoebic liver abscess. Apple green birefringence: Birefringence exhibited by amyloid due to congo red stain in polarised light. Apple green sputum: Pneumonia caused by Influenza exhibit green colour sputum. Apple jelly nodules: Brownish red lesion similar to gelatin consistency in Lupus vulgaris [16].
Banana shaped: Plasmodium falciparum exhibits a gametocyte of crescent shape which facilitates early sequestration of gametocyte and circulation of gametocytes in its late stage in the blood without its filtration by the spleen [17,18].  [19,20]. Bread and Butter appearance: Fibrinous exudate deposition on pericardium due to inflammation leads to its shaggy appearance.

CONCLUSION
The use of eponyms typically makes a pathologist's time-consuming job easier. The analogical mode of thinking aids us in learning and remembering information more effectively. This makes a difficult task more bearable and convenient.

CONSENT
It is not applicable.

ETHICAL APPROVAL
It is not applicable.