Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching [VAT] in Terms of Knowledge and Self-expressed Stigma Regarding COVID-19 and its Preventive Measures among Housekeeping Staff at Selected Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana: A Pre-experimental Study

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by newly discovered virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current study is here about Covid-19 and its preventive measures as housekeeping staffs are on the front Results: Among 100 housekeeping staff, 91.66% were having previous knowledge regarding COVID-19, 76% were male and mean age was 54 years of age. Overall, 93 (93%), 7 (7%) and 0 (0%) participants had adequate, moderate and inadequate knowledge regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures and 42 (42%), 58 (58%) and 0 (0%) participants had favorable, moderate and unfavorable stigma related to COVID-19. There was no significant association between the pre-test knowledge and self-expressed stigma regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures with the demographic variables. Conclusion: The study found a significant difference in knowledge and self-expressed stigma on COVID-19 and its preventive measures among housekeeping workers in a chosen hospital in Gurugram, Haryana, before and after VAT programme. It was proved that Video Assisted Teaching was effective in teaching COVID-19 and its preventive measures to housekeeping staff in a selected hospital in Gurugram, Haryana. With continuing education, housekeeping staff may become more aware about COVID-19 and reduces the spreading of the diseases.


INTRODUCTION
Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a currently discovered corona virus, which was detected from Wuhan, China spreading to several other countries around the world [1]. resulted in an existing pandemic [2]. It's a case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). SARS is a communicable viral disease, caused by a new strain of coronavirus, which differs considerably in genetic structure from previously recognized coronavirus [3]. Coronavirus transmits from one person to another person through respiratory droplet of infected people [4]. These droplets contain viral material that can be inhaled into the respiratory system through the windpipe and lungs, causing infection [5]. A novel coronavirus, also known as 2019-nCoV, On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and recognized it as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 [6]. As [10]. Some of the most prevalent symptoms of coronavirus disease are Pyrexia, Cough that is dry, Sore throat or scratchy throat, Body ache, Headache, Loss of smell and taste, Chest pain, Shortness of breathing (serious signs) [11].
The front-line personnel in the fight against the global pandemic are housekeeping staff. Due to a lack of understanding and information about COVID-19 disease among the general public, people have wrong perception [12] towards healthcare staff. Despite their well-deserved recognition, HCPs have been subjected to societal stigma and isolation [13]. The study's major goal is to increase housekeeping staff's understanding and awareness of COVID-19 and its prevention methods.
In the present study, Video Assisted Teaching was provided to the housekeeping staff who are working in different wards of the hospital. Their knowledge and self-expressed stigma related to COVID-19 and its preventive measures were assessed by taking a pre-test and post-test. This was important in context to knowledge and selfexpressed stigma as housekeeping staff are the backbone of the hospital infection control system. Also it was important to know whether they were able to carried out their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A pre-experimental study with one-group pretest and post-test design [14] was conducted among 100 housekeeping staff of selected hospital with aim to assess the knowledge and self-expressed stigma regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures.
The ethical approval for conducting the research study was obtained from the ethical committee of the University vide letter no. FON/SGTU/20/262 dated 28.11.2020. Consent was taken from the housekeeping staff before the commencement of the study regarding willingness to participate in the study. Study participants were included by convenient sampling [15] and a total of 100 housekeeping staff posted in different wards and willing to participate were recruited as study participants. Those who were absent at the time of data collection and intervention were excluded from the study.
The studys' findings were constructed on statistical analysis. The paired 't' test was used to evaluate the efficiency of the knowledge and selfexpressed stigma regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures. Chi-square test applied on the way to invent association between knowledge with demographic characteristics and Self-expressed stigma level with demographic characteristics.

Data Collection Procedure
The approval to perform the research in selected hospital was acquired in writing from the housekeeping head of department. The research samples for this study were chosen from among the housekeeping staff that met the study's inclusion requirements.
A pre-test questionnaire was conducted for 20 minutes before the Video teaching session. Video Assisted Teaching which includes COVID-19 disease causes, sign and symptoms, treatment, preventive measures-hand hygiene, gloving, mask, donning and doffing of PPE was provided to the housekeeping staff by using desktop. Post-test was conducted after the seven days of video assisted teaching (Chart 1).
The teaching session was done by following COVID-19 protocols with a compulsory wearing of masks at all times, small groups of 23-30 at a time to avoid mass gatherings. A total of four video teaching session were taken.

Data Analysis and Interpretation
The collected data were tabulated and presented according to the objectives under the following headings.
Demographic characteristics distribution of housekeeping staff those who are contributed in the study. The data discovered, maximum of the participants that is 93% were belongs to Hindu religion and 91.66% had previous knowledge regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures and least number of staff that is 1% were having low income and Christian religion (Fig.1). Fig. 2 shows 84% of the respondents had inadequate knowledge and 16% of the respondents had moderate knowledge and none of the respondents had adequate knowledge. 7% of the respondents had moderate knowledge, 93% of the respondents had adequate knowledge and none of the respondents had inadequate knowledge.

Objective 2:
To assess the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching in terms of knowledge and self-expressed stigma regarding COVID-19 among housekeeping staff at selected hospital, Gurugram, Haryana The evaluation of overall pre and post-test knowledge score earlier and afterward the implementation of Video Assisted Teaching. Housekeeping staff were enhanced their knowledge from 10.53 to 22.45 and reducing the stigma from 28.15 to 20.87. So, the Video Assisted Teaching was effective and is statistically significant.
In similar with this study Rakesh Sharma, Aroop Mohanty, and colleagues published a paper in 2021 titled "Effectiveness of Video-Based Online Training for Health Care Workers to Prevent COVID-19 Infection." The results of pair-wise comparisons of pre-test and post-test scores revealed that intervention using video-assisted teaching-learning resulted in a statistically significant improvement in knowledge (p-value 0.001). It was concluded that during the COVID-19 pandemic, video-assisted teaching-learning using virtual platforms effectively taught health workers on infection prevention and control methods [17].

Objective 3: To find out the association between knowledge with the selected demographic variables
Current study displays that there is no association between knowledge with the selected demographic variables.

Objective 4:
To find out the association between self-expressed stigma with the selected demographic variables The present study which was done among 100 participants there is a no association between pre-test self-expressed stigma scores on COVID-19 and its preventive measures with age, gender, marital status, education qualification, religion, types of family, income per month, area of residence, and knowledge and sources of information.

CONCLUSION
The study found a significant difference in knowledge and self-expressed stigma on COVID-19 and its preventive measures among housekeeping workers in a chosen hospital in Gurugram, Haryana, before and after VAT programme. It was proved that Video Assisted Teaching was effective in teaching COVID-19 and its preventive measures to housekeeping staff in a selected hospital in Gurugram, Haryana.

RECOMMENDATION
 Frequent hand hygiene and maintaining social distancing to prevent COVID-19 for better health and each staff should have proper knowledge regarding COVID-19 and its preventive measures in order to take prevention timely.  To compare the effectiveness of VAT programme with different teaching methods, a comparison research can be undertaken.

CONSENT
Consent of all the participants obtained prior to the study.

ETHICAL APPROVAL
The ethical approval for conducting the research study was obtained from the ethical committee of the University vide letter no. FON/SGTU/20/262 dated 28.11.2020