COVID-19: Source, Symptoms, Screening, Prevention and Treatment

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the newly acquired SARS-COV2 virus. The disease is rapidly changing, as well as our understanding of the emerging virus. Not knowing what it was at the beginning of the year 2020, scientists have been able to classify, track, classify, and establish diagnostic tests. Severe illness may strike the elderly and those with chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. Conclusion: Over the past four decades, the emergence of new infectious, global threats has reshaped national and international thinking and the level of public health responses needed to combat these threats. All countries are at risk of new diseases, according to International Health Regulations.


INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus is a disease from China. Several crown-like nails on the surface of the virus give it the name "corona." COVID-19, a new type of corona virus, was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It has infected more countries in Europe and around the world. Most corona viruses are found in birds or mammals, especially bats. They move around in livestock, and some of them can be passed from animals to humans [1]. Corona viruses are closed, singlestranded, extinct human-induced ribonucleic acid bacteria that can infect biodiversity [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Tyrell and Bynoe discovered corona bacteria, which were cultivated in common cold patients, in 1966 [2]. Because of their morphology status as spherical viruses with a central cover and speculation of places like the corona of the moon, they are called corona viruses. There are less than four families of corona viruses: α-, β-, γ-and δ-corona viruses. While and -corona viruses appear to come from mammals, especially bats, γ-and δ-corona viruses are found in pigs and birds.

SCREENING CRITERIA
VRIC plans to pre-diagnose the SARS corona 2 virus using classical Koch postulates and electron microscopy to test its morphology. The clinical diagnostic gold standard COVID-19 to date detection of nucleic acid by real-time PCR in nasal and throat samples, confirmed in the next generation sequence [8].

Symptoms [9]
People with the Coronavirus disease have:  A high temperature.  Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.  A cough.  Sore throat.  Runny nose.  Tiredness.

Treatments
The medical community began researching medicines that were already on the market that could be effective against the new virus. Antibodies against interleukin 6, for example, have been studied and found to be effective in modulating the immune system. This is because tissue damage in patients with serious disease is caused not only by the infection, but also by an accumulation of inflammatory molecules.
Remdesivir and steroids are two repurposed medications that have been shown to have an impact in randomized clinical trials. Drugs specific to SARS-CoV-2 have also been produced. When given early, monoclonal antibody cocktails have been shown to be successful in slowing disease progression [10].
Anti-IL-6 receptor Monoclonal Antibodies: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is considered the key driver of the hyperinflammatory state associated with COVID-19. Targeting this cytokine with an IL-6 receptor inhibitor could slow down the process of inflammation based on case reports that showed favorable outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 [11].

ANTIVIRAL TREATMENTS
Based on past experience battling the SARS Corona Virus and MERS Corona Virus epidemics, we will learn various lessons for various treatment programmes to combat the corona virus. Remdesivir is a prodrug that is a 1′cyano-substituted adenosine nucleotide analogue with potent antiviral activity against RNA viruses. Even with intact ExoN proof reading activity, remdesivir can interfere with NSP12 polymerase, according to data from an in vitro cell line and a mouse model [1]. Reportedly, Remdesivir successfully handled the first US case of COVID-19 [12]. Chloroquine is a highly regenerative drug that is as promising as COVID-19 treatment [13].

Transmission of COVID-19
Although more proof is still being obtained, recent research shows that human-to-human transmission is occurring. COVID-19's transmission routes are currently unclear, but data from other coronaviruses and respiratory diseases indicates that the virus could spread through large respiratory droplets and direct or indirect contact with infected secretions [14].
Airborne transmission can occur in crowded areas and indoor rooms with poor ventilation, particularly when infected people spend a long time with others, such as a shopping mall, restaurant, etc. Furthermore, airborne delivery occurs in patient care settings while conducting surgical procedures [15].

Prevention
To avoid infection, you should wash your hands regularly, cover your mouth while sneezing or coughing, and wear a face mask. It's important to avoid crowds in cramped, poorly ventilated areas. In areas where viral transmission is strong, stricter social distancing initiatives have been implemented, such as encouraging telework, avoiding excessive travel, and maintaining a gap of at least one meter between people, among other things. These initiatives, along with the use of face masks, are assisting in slowing viral spread within the population and preventing health systems from being overburdened [16-18].

Vaccine
The new corona virus spread so rapidly that it disrupted global timing. As of February 18, 2021, at least seven different vaccines had been tested in countries through three different sources. About 200 new vaccine candidates are being produced at the same time, with more than 60 of them in clinical trials. Vaccination for vulnerable populations is a top priority in both countries.
In line with their national regulations and legislation, countries have the autonomy to issue emergency use authorizations for any health product.
Domestic emergency use authorizations are issued at the discretion of countries and not subject to WHO approval.

CONCLUSION
Over the past four decades, the emergence of new infectious, global threats has reshaped national and international thinking and the level of public health responses needed to combat these threats. All countries are at risk of new diseases, according to International Health Regulations. There are strong hopes around the world that all that is being done to detect and monitor emerging epidemics in this age of rapid and continuous access to digital information is global. Because there is no way to know how a newly diagnosed disease can develop, plans need to be made at national and international levels.

DISCLAIMER
The products used for this research are commonly and predominantly use products in our area of research and country. There is absolutely no conflict of interest between the authors and producers of the products because we do not intend to use these products as an avenue for any litigation but for the advancement of knowledge. Also, the research was not funded by the producing company rather it was funded by personal efforts of the authors.

CONSENT
It is not applicable.

ETHICAL APPROVAL
It is not applicable.