Exercise as an Emerging Factor Effecting Cardiovascular Health (An Experimental Approach)

This resaerch study was basically carried out for the purpose to assess the effect of moderate intensity exercise on cardiovascular health. Ten (10) participants were voluntarily selected and thus they were randomly divided into two (02) groups i.e. (Experimental Group (EG)=05+ Control Group (CG)=05.A self-made eight weeks’ self-made moderate intensity exercise protocol was applied on all the subjects. Pre and post test data were collected through Harvard Step Test. A written informed consent was taken from each subject before participation in the study. All participants Original Research Article Khan et al.; JPRI, 33(57B): 193-205, 2021; Article no.JPRI.78098 194 were informed about the benefits and risk factors of the study. After fulfilling all the ethical protocols, eight weeks self-made moderate intensity exercise protocol was applied on all the subjects. Pre and post test data were collected through Harvard Step Test. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using various statistical tools. On the basis of analysis the researcher arrived at conclusion that exercise has a significant effect on cardiovascular health.


INTRODUCTION
Body need to get involved in different bodily movements or activities for its development and maintenance. Regular exercise as well as balance diet is considered important for bodily growth and development. In addition it helps us to stay healthy by improving cardio respiratory endurance, muscular fitness, bone health, cardiovascular and metabolic health biomarkers [1].Similarly lacking of regular exercise and balance diet may cause inactiveness among the children.
Numerous terms used for cardiovascular health such as cardiorespiratory fitness, maximal capacity and cardiovascular fitness etc. Literally cardiovascular health refers to the inclusive functioning of cardiovascular and respiratory system during vigorous physical exercise. During exercise a body to utilize more or maximum oxygen uptake is required and thus Vo2 Max is considered the best indicator of cardiovascular health [2]. VO 2 max is the maximum intake of oxygen during exercise. It is determined by liters/min as an absolute value or in milliliters /kg/min as relative VO2 max. VO 2 can be measured through direct and indirect method. Walking/running tests followed by cycling and step tests are commonly used methods for measuring VO 2 maximum [3]. In addition it can be also measured through predication equations' rather than direct method because it is easily approachable in term of cost [3][4][5].
Physical fitness is ability of a person to do more work in the cost of less energy and also having ample energy to meet unforeseen emergency demands.
Fitness with reference to cardiovascular health refers to the state of the body when you heart as well as all allied organs work properly. Strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, and body composition all are the basic components of physical fitness [6].
For promoting cardiovascular health it is also suggested for a person to participate in regular exercise session [7][8][9].As a medical point of views, obesity is one among the series health complications among the peoples. Lacking of aerobic fitness also cause cardiovascular health problems. Likewise regular exercise significantly contribute to cardiovascular health [9][10][11][12][13][14].Exercise promote health and reduce health consequences among the masses. Exercise with low volume and intensity promote cardiovascular health among the overweight peoples [15][16][17].
From the above critical discussion of various researchers, now we can says that exercise promote health .How and what type of exercise promote health. To discover the fact, the researcher initiated this particular resaerch study under the title "Exercise as an Emerging Factor Effecting Cardiovascular Health (An Experimental Approach). In addition, the main objective of the study was to examine the effect of moderate intensity exercise on cardiovascular health.

Design of the Study
As the current study was associated with exercise and cardiovascular health. Therefore an randomized control trail was conducted.

Inclusion Criteria
The subjects were included in the study through the below inclusion criteria.
 The subjects aging more than 20 years and less than 30 years  The subjects using no medication  The subjects have no chronic health problems  The subject who voluntarily partipcate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria
The subjects were excluded in the study through the below criteria.
 The subjects aging less than 20 years and more than 30 years  The subjects using medication  The subjects have chronic health problems  The subject who refuse voluntarily participation the study

Instruments and Instrumentations
After fulfilling all the ethical protocols, eight weeks self-made moderate intensity exercise protocol was applied on all the subjects. Pre and post test data were collected through Harvard Step Test.

Data Analysis
The collected data were processed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 24) and thus mean, standard deviation and t score were applied as statistical tools.

Presentation &Analysis of Data
The above table depicts that mean in term of age was 21.4 years, the mean in term of weight of the was 67 .2 kg, mean in term of height was 170.18cm, the mean in term of BMI was 23.28, the mean in term of activity time was 135 sec,mean in term of resting heart rate was 96.2, and heart recovery rate was 193.4, the mean in term of cardiovascular was 33.91, the mean in term of steps was 67.Hence this anthropometric characteristics shows that all the subjects were fall in Poor Zone.
The above table depicts that mean in term of age was 21.4 years, the mean in term of weight of the was 64.4 kg, mean in term of height was 170.18cm, the mean in term of BMI was 22.2, the mean in term of activity time was 186 sec, mean in term of resting heart rate was 82.8, and heart recovery rate was 126.4, the mean in term of cardiovascular was 72.6, the mean in term of steps was 78. 6. Hence this anthropometric characteristics shows that all the subjects were fall in Average Zone.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The current study find out that there is no significant difference in both EG and CG in term of BMI, t8=-1.230, Sig=.254 < alpha =.05. Such emerging findings is supported by the study conducted by [18] by stating that physical activity or exercise closely associated improved body mass index in overweight as well as obese children and adolescents.
No significant difference was found in both EG and CG in term of Activity time, t8 =1.201,Sig.=.264 >alpha=.05 before Treatment. Significant difference was found in both EG and CG in term of activity time t8 = 8.277, Sig=.000 < alpha =.05 after Treatment. No significant difference was found in in both EG and CG in term of Resting heart rate t8 =.749, Sig.=.475 >alpha =.05 before Treatment. No significant difference was found in in both EG and CG in term of Resting heart rate t8=.115, Sig.=.911 > alpha =.05 after Treatment. Significant difference was found in both EG and CG in term of HRR t8 = 3.016, Sig =.017 < alpha = .05 before and after Treatment. The study conducted by [19] concluded that exercise has many health benefits such as reducing the level of cholesterol, to stay healthy body weight, reducing the risk of bone fractures, reducing the level of illness and strengthen the cardiovascular capacity of the body in term of resting heart rate and heart recovery rate.
No significant difference was found in both EG and CG in term of steps t8 = 1.749, Sig. = .118 > alpha= .05 before Treatment .Significant difference was found in in both EG and CG in term of steps t8= 4.672, Sig = .002< alpha = .05 after Treatment. No significant was found in both EG and CG in term of CVF t8 = -.216, Sig = .834 > alpha = .05 before Treatment. Significant difference was shown in both EG and CG in term of CVF t8 = 8.490, Sig = .000< alpha = .05 after Treatment. Inline of this findings the findings of the study conducted by [20,21] stated that physical activity improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight and obese male.

CONCLUSION
On the basis of data analysis and findings, the researcher arrived at conclusion that moderate intensity exercise significantly alter the various parameters of cardiovascular health such as BMI, Activity time, Resting Heart Rate, and Heart Recovery Rate etc. It means that moderate intensity exercise have a Significant impact upon cardiovascular health.

CONSENT AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
A written informed consent was taken from each subject before participation in the study. Ethical approval was taken from Ethical Review and Resaerch Board, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan. All participants were informed about the benefits and risk factors of the study. After fulfilling all the ethical protocols, eight weeks selfmade moderate intensity exercise protocol was applied on all the subjects.