Perception and Behavioural Outcome towards COVID-19 Vaccine among Students and Faculties of Nursing Colleges at Gujarat

Introduction: Perception and behaviour towards corona vaccine among peoples in India was poor due to some side effects and negative media publicity in primary phases of vaccination. India has developed two types of vaccine (Covaxin and Covishield). During primary phase of corona vaccine we don’t have appropriate research and literature, about side effects and how far vaccine is reliable that why due so some minor side effect and negative media publicity peoples are very scared to take vaccine. So few peoples were started denial get vaccinated. The researcher wan to explore the positivity through the research result to reduce the negative mindset of the peoples toward corona vaccine, Because in India few peoples has fear to take vaccine against corona due to negative media publicity and scared of side effect. Objective: To assess the existing level of perception and behaviour toward COVID-19 vaccine and to find out the association between selected socio-demographic variables. Original Research Article Selina et al.; JPRI, 33(52B): 120-128, 2021; Article no.JPRI.76887 121 Methods: Descriptive cross sectional survey research design was used and non-probability (snowball) sampling method was used to drawn samples through online Google form, all questions were plots on Google form and inform consent form also has been taken online prior to data collection from the samples. Prior to data collection written setting permission obtain from nursing colleges principals, for the data collection researcher were selected total 03 nursing institutes. The total sample size was 254 nursing college students and faculties. The tool consist of following Section-01 Demographic variables, section-02 Nursing students and faculties information related to COVID-19 vaccination during 1 st and 2 nd dose and Section-3 Questions related to perception and behaviour towards COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive statistics applied where, data were analyzed by using SPSS software, and Frequency, percentage, tables etc. were used to represent the statistical data in the tables. Chi-square test was used to assess the significant association between the demographic and level of perception to test the hypothesis. Results: Out of 254, 245(96.45%) were belong age 18-25 years, 8(3.14%) were belong to 26-35, 1 (0.34%) was belong to 46-60 age group. 219(86.22%) were females, 53(20.87%) were study Diploma course and 178(70.08%) were study degree course, regarding religion 223(87.79%) were Hindu, 5(1.97%) were Muslim and 26(10.24%) were Christian, Marital status 227(89.37%) were Unmarried and 24(9.47%) were Married, 134(52.75%) were from urban area, and rest 120 (47.24%) belongs to Rural area. Sources of information about COVID 19 vaccine 109(42.92%) got from online media, 44(17.32%) from television, 243(95.67%) received free of cost corona vaccine, 199(78.35%) mindset was not influenced by negative media publicity about vaccine, 248(97.63%) do not have any co-morbidities. 219(86.22%) taken Covid-19 vaccine empty stomach. 221(87%) of samples were taken willingly vaccine, 205(80.71%) of samples were received Covishield vaccine and others 49(19.29%) were taken Covaxin, 109(42.91%) samples noticed mild fever, 53(20.87%) samples noticed moderate fever, 18(7.08%) noticed severe fever and rest 74(29.13%) didn’t noticed fever. Conclusions Regarding perception and behaviour towards COVID-19 vaccine, the majority of samples has good perception and behaviour, 74% has good perception and only 23% had moderate to poor perception, majority of participant were willingly taken vaccine and agree to recommend to others, not evidence any serious side effect due to vaccination.


Methods:
Descriptive cross sectional survey research design was used and non-probability (snowball) sampling method was used to drawn samples through online Google form, all questions were plots on Google form and inform consent form also has been taken online prior to data collection from the samples. Prior to data collection written setting permission obtain from nursing colleges principals, for the data collection researcher were selected total 03 nursing institutes. The total sample size was 254 nursing college students and faculties. The tool consist of following Section-01 Demographic variables, section-02 Nursing students and faculties information related to COVID-19 vaccination during 1 st and 2 nd dose and Section-3 Questions related to perception and behaviour towards COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive statistics applied where, data were analyzed by using SPSS software, and Frequency, percentage, tables etc. were used to represent the statistical data in the tables. Chi-square test was used to assess the significant association between the demographic and level of perception to test the hypothesis. Results: Out of 254, 245(96.45%) were belong age 18-25 years, 8(3.14%) were belong to 26-35, 1 (0.34%) was belong to 46-60 age group. 219(86.22%) were females, 53(20.87%) were study Diploma course and 178(70.08%) were study degree course, regarding religion 223(87.79%) were Hindu, 5 Conclusions Regarding perception and behaviour towards COVID-19 vaccine, the majority of samples has good perception and behaviour, 74% has good perception and only 23% had moderate to poor perception, majority of participant were willingly taken vaccine and agree to recommend to others, not evidence any serious side effect due to vaccination.

INTRODUCTION
On 30 January, World Health Organization (WHO) 2020, announce COVID-19 as a public health crisis and afterwards On 11 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) announce the corona virus disease 2019 a pandemic (COVID- 19) [1].
According to report on 22 October 2021, worldwide cases reached over 242.5 million people worldwide [2]. The number of deaths had totaled more than 4.9 million [2].
According to report on 25 October 2021, India covid-19 infected cases reached over 34 million and total death 4.5 million [3].
Vaccination was one of the greatest costefficient, inhibitory actions [4]. Vaccines were the upmost essential public wellness actions and highly successful method to save public from covid-19 [5]. The world is presently working for the quick evolution of the COVID-19 vaccine. A successful COVID-19 vaccine should be useful, effective, set free from any side effect and affordable for local people in the world [6,7].
There are presently above 125 vaccines go through pre-clinical investigation for covid-19. The vaccines are than go into three phases of clinical tests, India has already rolled out a huge coronavirus effort to utilize two vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin [8,9].
The covid-19 vaccine was introduced on 16 th January, 2021. Health personnel and frontline workers were the first group who get the opportunity to get COVID-19 vaccine and after them individuals who are above 50 years of age and individuals who are under 50 years and suffering from co-morbidity conditions were the second group for COVID-19 vaccination [10].
There were two doses of covid-19 vaccine which would be offered in 28 days' gap during initiation phase later the duration has been increases by 84 days for second dose of covishield vaccine. The efficiency of vaccine starts later on 14 days of taking the second dose. The covid-19 vaccine was extremely fruitful against covid-19 [6]. Some experts declare that the vaccine protected against covid-19 in 62% of those who received two full doses and 90% of those who initially received half dose [11,12,13].

Research Approach
Non Experimental, Descriptive survey approach.

Research Design
Cross sectional survey.

Demographic Variables
Demographic variables of Nursing Student's such as Age, Gender, Course, Year, Marital status, vaccination history, side effects.

Sampling Method
The E-survey was prepared online and hyperlink of the survey was distributed to students using mobile group messaging application. It was made sure in a class that most of the students are having smart mobile devices and sufficient Internet connectivity to fill up the form online. Students who were not using Internet were encouraged to take help from their friends having Internet enabled device. Prior to the distribution, students were made clear about the objectives of this study and inform consent form. It is to be noted that student participation was voluntarily and they could opted not to fill up the E-survey [15].

Instrument for Data Collection
For the data collection toll has been prepared in three categories. 1. Questionnaire related to Covid-19 vaccine 1 st dose, 2. Questionnaire related to Covid-19 vaccine 2 nd dose, and 3-point Likert scale to assess the perception and Behaviour.

Study population
Nursing College Students And Faculties.

Study sample
Nursing students and faculties who received COVID-19 vaccine.

Study setting
04 nursing institutes of the Kheda and Anand District Gujarat.

Section II: Distribution According to Information during 1 st dose of Covid-19 Vaccine
The [

Section IV: Distribution According to Perception and Behavior toward COVID-19 Vaccine
[

Section V: Distribution According to Association between Perception and Selected Demographic Variables
The [ Table/-7] depicts outcome of chi-square test results, In reference to the association of perception and behaviour with selected demographic variables, there was significant association of perception with sources of corona vaccine information and rest of variable found not significant, at 0.05 level of significant.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The purpose of the present study is to assess the attitude regarding online lecture after the impact of COVID-19 at selected nursing college Nadiad. The study consisted of 136 samples that were selected on the basis of simple randomization techniques. Based on the objective, Regarding perception and behaviour towards COVID-19 vaccine, the majority of samples has good perception and behaviour, 74% has good perception and only 23% had moderate to poor perception, majority of participant were willingly taken vaccine and agree to recommend to others, not evidence any serious side effect due to vaccination.

DISCLAIMER
The products used for this research are commonly and predominantly use products in our area of research and country. There is absolutely no conflict of interest between the authors and producers of the products because we do not intend to use these products as an avenue for any litigation but for the advancement of knowledge. Also, the research was not funded by the producing company rather it was funded by personal efforts of the authors.

CONSENT
Yes informed consent form was acquired from the participants prior to data collection.

ETHICAL APPROVAL
The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee of Dinsha Patel College of nursing, research committee, there are total 15 members in the committee from various field. The ethical approval reference number is DPCN/2 nd IEC/2020-21/13 and a formal written permission was gathered from the authority of or Principal of Institute prior to data collection.