To Assess the Knowledge and Providing Booklet Regarding Health Hazards of Spitting in Public Places among General Population

Background: Smokeless tobacco consumption, which is widespread throughout the world, lead to oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF), which is a long-lasting and disturbing condition of the oral cavity with the potential for malignancy. Mainly focus on the consumption of smokeless tobacco, such as pan and ghutkha the role of these substances in the instruction of OSMF and ultimately oral cancer. It was established using the finding tools provide. The continuous chewing pan and swallowing of ghutkha cause progressive fibrosis in sub mucosal tissue. Generally, OSMF occurs due to multiple risk factors, especially smokeless tobacco and its mechanism, such as betel quid, Areca nuts, and slaked lime, which are used in pan and gutkha. The incidence of oral cancer is higher in women than in men in the South Asian country. Objective: 1 To assess the existing knowledge regarding health hazards of spitting in public places among the general population. 2. To develop Information booklet regarding health hazards of spitting in public places among the general population. Original Research Article Wankhede et al.; JPRI, 33(49B): 140-145, 2021; Article no.JPRI.74981 141 Material and Method: Research Design: Pre experimental research design, Research Approach: Survey approach, Setting of Study: Rural population Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha district, Sample: The sample for the present study comprised of 100, Sample size: The sample size selected for this study was 100 sample, Sampling Technique: A convenience sampling technique. Result: After the complete analysis, this study lead to the following result that the mean knowledge score in pre-test was 6.61±2.30 and in post test it was 11.68±1.45 and mean percentage of knowledge score in pre test was 44.06±15.33 and in post test it was 77.86±9.70. Conclusion: After the conclusion of the study it is exposed that the most of the knowledge are gained by providing the booklet and it is most effective result are occurred to provide the same information about the splitting.


INTRODUCTION ''Spitting is the act of forcibly from the mouth ejecting saliva or other substances''.
India is the pretty awful country the great spit. It is the currently considered rude and tobacco is many parts of the world the including the west in some other part and more socially acceptable. It is the commonly believed that possible to transmit infectious disease, the including the tuberculosis, and the common cool but the epidemiological evidence. This is the case is not present and it can represent a symbolical regurgitation or an act of international contamination. It is a belief is not reflective of meaningful risk of spitting upon the other person, it is global sign of anger, especially the face. disrespect and hatred [1].
The spittoons were used openly during the 19 th century to provide acceptable Spitters. The social attitude towards the spitting have changed the greatly in Western Europe since the middle age. By the early 1700s and the spitting had become seen as something which should be concealed and by 1859 many viewed of spitting on the floor or street as vulgar. The frequent spitting was part of the everyday life and at all the level of society it was thought ill-mannered to suck the saliva to avoid the spitting. The spittoon become far less common after the influenza epidemic of 1918 and there since that virtually disappeared. The Supreme Court of the United States3 continues to be provided with a personal cuspidor [2].
The habit is among the greatest level found in people who tobacco chewing and ghutka. The spitting in public places is gross, one of the most common reasons for an unclean environment and health hazard. The disease carrier can spread air born respiratory disease like pneumonia, influenza and tuberculosis that lead to be TB epidemic. They expectorate on the roads on landing and inside lifts and unmindful of the disease their sputum could spread [3].
It is also produced when the lungs get inflamed due to pollution and smoking and oily food, eating heavy . " Dry climate coupled with bad air quality is also leading to the build-up of mucus in the respiratory tract generating phlegm" said Avinash Bhondwe, ex-president of the city chapter of Indian Medical Association [IMA] [4].
The school children should be taught of harmful effects of spitting in public places. And it NGOs should step up awareness thought street plays and hoardings in an economically weaker section of society. The heavy fine for who spit in public place Mohalla committees should campaign against [5].
The section 116 of the Bombay Police Act, 1951 has strictly prohibited spitting at the public places area. The offence is liable to punishment under section 117 of the Bombay Police Act and the penalty goes up to Rs. 1,200 [6].

Need of the Study
Tobacco use is a major public health challenge in India with 275 million adults consuming different tobacco products. Government of India has taken various initiatives for tobacco control in the country. Besides enacting comprehensive tobacco control legislation (COTPA, 2003).
India was among the first few countries to authorize WHO the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in 2004. The National Tobacco Control Programme was piloted during the 11 th Five Year Plan. Which is under implementation in 42 districts of 21 states in the country. The promotion of tobacco control by the civil society and community led initiative has acted in synergy with tobacco control policies of the Government [7].
In the study Bolton's showed overall and anterior ratio norms for Vidarbha population sample were found to be 88.15 and 78.50, respectively, with standard deviation of 3.27 and 3.19, respectively. The range of overall ratio noted was 80.36-98.44, and the range of anterior ratio was 67.74-89.70 [8]. In the study showed that ViVan ratio was found to be 90.79 with standard deviation of 3.13, variance of 9.81 and range was 83.55 -95.82 [9].

Research Design
Pre experimental research design

Research Approach
Survey approach

Setting of Study
Rural population Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha district

Sample
The sample for the present study comprised of 100

Sample size
The sample size selected for this study was 100.

Sampling technique
A convenience sampling technique.

Tool
Structured knowledge questionnaires including demographic variable will be use for the study.

Research Variable
Knowledge and attitude regarding health hazards of spitting.

RESULTS
This section deals with the assessment of level of knowledge regarding health hazards of spitting in public places among the general population. The level of knowledge score is divided under the following heads of poor, average, good and excellent.
Section A: Distribution of the general population with regards to demographic variables. Section B: Assessment of level of knowledge regarding health hazards of spitting in public place among the general population.
 The above table shows 11% of the general population were belonging to the age group of 10-15 years, 16% in the age group of 16-21 years and 22-27 years, 29% of them were belonging to the age group of 28-33 years and 28% of them were belonging to the age group of more than 33 years respectively.  The above table shows 44% of the general population were females and 56% were males.
 The above table shows 11% of the general population were educated up to primary standard, 36% to secondary, 29% to higher secondary and 24% of them were graduates and postgraduates  The above table shows 25% of the general population were laboring/farmer, 9% were students, 24% of them were unemployed and 42% were doing other profession.  The above table shows 85% of the general population had knowledge regarding health hazards of spitting and 15% had no knowledge.  The above table shows 32.90% of the general population had information from newspapers, 23.50% from television, 18.80% had information from magazine and 24.70% of them had information from health education.
The above graph shows that 7% of the general population in pre-test had a poor level of knowledge score, 59% in pre-test and 2% in post test had an average level of knowledge score, 31% in pre test and 13% in post test had better and 2% in pre test and 85% in post test had had an excellent level of knowledge score.
Minimum knowledge score in pre-test was 2 and in post test it was 5, maximum knowledge score in pre-test was 13 and in post test it was 14.
Mean knowledge score in pre-test was 6.61±2.30 and in post test it was 11.68±1.45 and mean percentage of knowledge score in pre test was 44.06±15.33 and in post test it was 77.86±9.70 [10].

DISCUSSION
To assess the knowledge regarding health hazards of spitting in public places among a general population, area of Wardha district, Maharashtra was undertaken with the objectives To assess the existing knowledge regarding health hazards of spitting in public places among the general population. After the conclusion of the study it is exposed that the most of the knowledge is coming to the providing the sme booklet and most effective result are occurred to provide the same information about the splitting.

RECOMMENDATIONS
On the basis of the findings of the study it is recommended that the following studies can be conducted The following recommendations are offered for further studies: • Study can be replicated on in a larger sample to validate the findings of the present study. • Comparative study may be undertaken to find out the findings of the present study. • Comparative study may be undertaken to find out the difference in knowledge among urban and rural community of knowledge regarding health hazards of spitting in public places.

CONSENT
As per international standard or university standard, respondents' written consent has been collected and preserved by the author(s).

ETHICAL APPROVAL
It is not applicable.