Identify Contributing Factors of Myocardial Infarction among Cardiac Patients

Background: Cardiovascular disease is becoming a major burden in developing countries, It is considered as important public health problem not only in the developed countries but also in developing countries like India. It has emerged as a major health burden worldwide. It contributed to 15.3 million deaths in 1996 of which 5.5 million was from developed countries and 9077 million from developing countries. A rise in the prevalence decline in the latter half have been well documented in the industrialized countries. However, the scenario is reversed in developing countries especially India with a steady escalation in prevalence of Cardio Vascular disease Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess contributing factors among Myocardial Infarction,to find out the association between contributing factors of myocardial infarction with their demographic variable and to identify contributing factors of myocardial infarction. Original Research Article Patel et al.; JPRI, 33(47A): 662-667, 2021; Article no.JPRI.75563 663 Methods and Mateials: A descriptive study was carried out on 100 myocardial infarction patients who were admitted to the Intensive coronary care unit of selected cardiology ward in selected hospital, Vadodara. Patients were selected by NonProbability convenient Sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed though SPSS software. Results: The majority contributing level of Myocardial infarction 42(42%) were mild, 32(32%) of the patients were moderate, 26(26%) of the patients were severe. There was no significant association was found between contributing factors of myocardial infarction with their demographic variables. Conclusion: Result revealed that most of the patients (42%) were having mild contributing factors and were having moderate contributing factors (32%) and least percentage (26%) were having severe contributing factors among myocardial infarction patients.


INTRODUCTION
Acute myocardial infarct (AMI) needs prompt recognition and management. Approximately one-third of deaths from AMI occur within few hours of onset of symptoms and typically before the patients reach to hospital. Although AMI is related to relatively high morbidity and mortality, it's documented that timely reperfusion therapy may result in dramatically improved patient clinical outcomes [1]. Delays in seeking medical care are related to adverse consequences on patients' conditions and medical cost and limit the potential benefits of early interventions. The quotation "time is muscle" is employed to spotlight the importance of saving time and starting treatments without delay [2]. Early therapy improves the prevalence of all these RFs increased temporally except for the rate of dyslipidemia, which decreased more recently. Were generally consistent across sex and racial groups [3]. The prevalence and mortality rates of coronary artery disease have been known to be higher in the Indian than the Westernpopulation [4]. Socioeconomic differences have been shown to be linked with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors such as dyslipidaemia based on urban-rural comparisons. [5] risk factors--smoking, physical inactivity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity--as well as factors peculiar to south Asians--truncal obesity, low HDLcholesterol and high triglycerides--in this urban Indian population.
[6] the prevalence ofhypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated LDL cholesterol was observed to be higher in the middle income group compared to the low income group [7]. As compared to a previous study in the early 1900s in a similar population, there is a significant increase in the number of people with obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemias [8]. The relative importance of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk varies globally. The aim of this study was to determine CAD risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among patients in public health care institutions in Trinidad using a case-control type study design [9]. Various studies have shown that people of Indian origin have an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared with most other ethnic groups [10]. Yantai is a developed medium-sized coastal city in Eastern China, having a population of 1.6845 million. With the development of economy, some middleaged and adolescent people (< 45 years) devote themselves to work and suffer from greater stress [11]. These diseases have caused mortality in developed countries more than other diseases and impose numerous social and economic costs [12]. India requiresavailability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors [13]. Dyslipidemiaa modifiable risk factor of Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) is often subjected to ethnic variations. Different communities are known to possess different pattern of lipid abnormalities [14].

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The samples were selected by Non-Probability convenient Sampling Technique. The study was carried out in Selected Hospital, Vadodara. The sample size was 100 though the Power analysis. The samples were recruited from Intensive coronary care unit, Cardiology ward of Selected Hospital,Vadodara. The data collection period lasted for two months in 2021. The participants were approached during their free time. Each of them was informed about intention of study and obtained written consent with the guaranty of their anonymity and confidentiality of data. The participants were requested to complete the questionnaires and returned back in give time.
The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. More specifically, descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation) were used to describe the samples characteristics, the contributing factors of myocardial infarction among cardiac patients admitted in ICCU, cardiology word. Finally, the impact of relationship between two variables were assessed using liner regression analysis. Chisquare test in order to find out association between contributing factors of myocardial infarction patients.

Statistics
 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics was used in this research study by using SPSS software.

Interpetation
Above Fig. 1 shows that mild 42(42%) of the patients were moderate 32(32%) of the patients were severe 26(26%) of patients were severe contributing factors among myocardial infraction patients.

CONCLUSION
Result revealed that most of the patients (42%) were having mild contributing factors and least percentage (26%) were having severe contributing factors among myocardial infarction patients.

CONSENT
As per international standard of university standard, patients written consent has been collected and preserved by the author(s).

ETHICAL APPROVAL
The study was approved from ethical committee of sumandeep vidhyapeeth institutional ethical committee and ethical approval number is SVIEC/ON/NURS/SRP/21030.