The Effect of Parent Pressure and Peer Factors Affecting on the Performance of Nursing Students

Background: People cannot live alone in society. Basically people need social contacts that suit them. Sometimes they need parent’s help, love, care and guidance and some time they need friend’s intimacy, affection and love. The persons first contact is with parents and then with friends. Parent attachment is stronger during infancy and childhood whereas friend’s attachment is strong during adolescence. Attachment level varies with the ages and stages of life. This attachment influences their feelings, thinking, decisions and living styles. The persons first contact is with parents and then with friends. Aims: To assess the parental pressure and peer factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students studying in selected nursing college of Vadodara. Methods: A cross sectional research design was carried out for this study. The study was carried out on 300 students. Students were selected using stratified sampling technique. A five-point rating scale was used to assess the academic performance of students. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, chi-square test were applied to analyze the data. Results: The effect of peer and parental pressure on the performance showed that more than half Original Research Article Patel et al.; JPRI, 33(47A): 611-616, 2021; Article no.JPRI.75562 612 participants 61% (n=183) were having average intensity. And about 39% (n=117) of them were having high intensity. Conclusion: the present study concluded that majority of the students are having average intensity in their academics and some students are having high intensity in their academics.


INTRODUCTION
People cannot live alone in society. The need of social belongingness attached them and they feel affiliation for others. This need for affiliation is based on genetics or experience. It constitutes a relatively stable trait or behavior. Basically people need social contacts that suit them. Sometimes they need parent's help, love, care and guidance and some time they need friend's intimacy, affection and love. Generally speaking adolescents find their friendships to be enjoyable: together they relax, joke, watch television, and participate in sports activities and talk [1].
The persons first contact is with parents and then with friends. Parent attachment is stronger during infancy and childhood whereas friend's attachment is strong during adolescence. Attachment level varies with the ages and stages of life. According to Dacey & Kenny "adolescents who feel accepted by their peer group and their parents are likely to feel good about themselves". The peer acceptance and attachment is as important as the parent attachment. Reisman concluded after reviewing different research studies that "The adolescents the person's first contact is with parents and then with friends. Parent attachment is stronger during infancy and childhood whereas friend's attachment is strong during adolescence [2].
Peer pressure is often seen during the adolescence stage of a teenagers because they often seek comfort among their peers and intend to do what their peers does without knowing if it is good or bad for them. Adolescence is a period of an individual that is transitory when a child reaches the point in changing its childhood to adulthood [3].
Adolescence social environment could affect teenagers in their adolescence, because mostly in this period teenagers tend to communicate more by their peers [4].
Peer pressure often seems to have various effects toward the student academic performance. It is how their peers affect them whether in a positive or negative way. Teenagers need to seek comfort from others that they found in the presence of their peers, and they are not even aware on how their peers influence them academically [5].
Parents brought up their children. They feel responsible to develop their self-concept to help them in leading successful life. To reach the adolescent age one has developed self-concept [6].
Usually, peer pressure is used in a negative context. But there is always another side of the coin. Yes, there is also a positive peer pressure. Peer pressure cannot be termed bad always. It can also lead you to adopt good habits in life [7].
Some parents are at their children's back daily pushing them to excel academically. Nothing less than as would please them. Parental pressures to pursue academic success have both positive and negative effects on their children [8].

Aims
To assess the parental pressure and peer factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students studying in selected nursing college of Vadodara.

Hypothesis
H1: There will be significant difference between the peer related factors and parent related factors affecting the academic achievement among nursing students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Quantitative research approach with descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. The Nursing College as study setting was selected on the basis of availability of number of students, giving permission to conduct the study and convenience in term of distance. Stratified sampling technique was adopted to select 300 students from selected nursing college, Vadodara. Five point rating scale was used to assess the peer and parental related factors among the nursing students. Administrative approval and permission were taken from concern authorities of selected nursing college, Vadodara. The consent form was prepared for the study participant regarding their willingness to participate in the research study. The research tool for data collection consists of two sections:

Section 1: Demographic data
The section included socio-demographic variable such as Age, gender, academic year of studying, medium of instruction in 12th standard, socioeconomic class, number of siblings, percentage in 12th standard.

Section 2: five-point Rating Scale
Five-point rating scale was used to assess the peer and parental related factors among the nursing students. The tool consists of total 25 questions that would help to evaluate the academic achievement of nursing students. Options in rating scale was strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree. For the positive questions scoring was given as 5 and for the negative questions scoring was given as 1. A score was consider as if it was 1-41 it was indicated as less intensity, if it was between 42-85 it was indicated as average intensity, if it was between 86-125 it was indicated as high intensity.

RESULTS
Three hundred (300) students were participated in the study for final analysis. Where, majority of students 53% (n=160) were belongs to 19-20 years of age and 75% (n=224) were female child.
Among the respondents, about 76% (n=227) were studying in b.sc nursing. Nearly more than half percentage of participants were having middle-class socio-economic status 96% (n=286). The 55% (n=164) participants had only one sibling. And 35% (n=106) participants were having youngest position in sibling relationship.   The result pertaining to performance revealed that more than half participants 61% (n=183) were having average intensity. And about 39% (n=117) of them were having high intensity.

Shows effect of peer and parental pressure
In this study, the effect of peer and parental pressure on the performance revealed that more than half participants 61% (n=183) were having average intensity. And about 39% (n=117) of them were having high intensity.

To find the association between academic achievement with their selected socio demographic variables
The chi square is used to identify the association between the academic achievement and selected demographic variable among the nursing students. There is no significant association between socio-academic achievement on age, gender, studying in, socioeconomic status, number of siblings, position in sibling relationship.

Assessment of parental pressure and peer factor affecting the performance
There is no significant association based on percentage in 12 th standard variable with academic achievement. Hence, H1 rejected.
H1: There will be significant difference between the peer related factors and parent related factors affecting the academic achievement among nursing students.

CONCLUSION
The present study concluded that majority of the students were having average intensity in their academics and some students were having high intensity in their academics. Hence, the parental pressure and peer factors affecting the performance of nursing students, in which majority of them were under average intensity.

CONSENT
As per international standard or university standard, student's written consent has been collected and preserved by the author(s).

ETHICAL APPROVAL
The study was approved from ethical committee of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth institutional ethical committee an ethical approval number is SVIEC/ON/NURS/SRP/21018.