To Assess the Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among Women in Selected Rural Areas

Bacterial vaginosis is condition in which abnormal vaginal discharge can cause. Due to this sexually transmitted diseases are causing in the women. In the bacterial vaginosis there is an imbalance in the vaginal acidity the pH becomes more than 5 the bacteria becomes overgrowth and due to this bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis leads [1]. Objective: 1: To assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women. 2: To find out the association between prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women with socio-demographic variable. Materials and Methods: Research ApproachQuantitative research approach. Research Design: Cross sectional survey design. Setting of the Study: The study was conducted at rural hospital and primary health centre. Population: women Sampling technique: non-probability convenient sampling technique. Sample size: 115. Results: The data obtained to describe the sample characteristics including demographic variables (age of women, education, marital status, occupation, age of menarche ,menstrual history, use of Original Research Article Dhobe and Mahakarkar; JPRI, 33(47A): 410-414, 2021; Article no.JPRI.73732 411 contraception, types of contraception), prevalence of bacterial vaginosis women the total participant was 115 women age of 30-50 years. Hence the all findings were describes there was no association between socio demographic variables and prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 6.1%. Conclusion In this study the finding of the study shows that overall there was n association between bacterial vaginosis and demographic variables. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 6.1% in the present study which was relatively low. However it vaginosis was common among sexually active women. The test was done by pap smear test which gave exact result and interpretation of test.


INTRODUCTION
Bacterial Vaginosis is a condition which occurs commonly at the reproductive age. Often known as not exact vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal disease that can cause vaginal discharge which results from overgrowth in the vagina of certain types of bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis is type of vaginal infection caused by "Gardnerella vaginalis" bacteria. In the bacterial vaginosis there is an imbalance in the vaginal acidity the pH becomes more than 5 the bacteria becomes overgrowth and due to this bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis leads [1]. Bacterial vaginosis is common among the women who was sexually active [2]. bacterial vaginosis leads to various sexually transmitted diseases for example syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus "(HIV)", etc. bacterial vaginosis causes due to repeated douching by some solutions, the due to coitus with multiple partners or due to firs time sexual intercourse, avoidance of condom use during coitus, it may be cause due to female do sex with female, another causes are use of intrauterine devices, the rare cause is smoking and the repeatedly preterm deliveries can cause be the cause of bacterial vaginosis among women. The symptoms of bacterial vaginosis sometimes women was not experiencing that but if they have symptoms than it should be white/gray discharge per vagina, odor after sex, pain in lower abdomen, surplus itching over vagina, and also burning micturition, and if the symptoms were present that can cause during menstrual cycle and after menstrual cycle. The quantity of discharge can be consider as naturally differs.

Need of the Study
"The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women in selected rural areas." There were women still suffering from the Bacterial Vaginosis some of them were affected due to use of contraception, in selected rural areas this condition shows prevalence rate according to the Delhi scenario was 28.8% [4].
Among non-pregnant women, BV has been associated with PID, endometritis, postoperative infections and infertility [5,6]. The risk of acquiring HIV virus is also increased by the presence of BV infections [7]. Environmental factors appear to be important in development of this disease. Exposure to chronic stress, ethnic differences and frequent or recent douching have been associated with increased rates of this condition [8]. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was in overall world the it is most common in united states than in India, the epidemics show 50% according to world health organization, in India 23.95% [9], in Maharashtra it was 17.3%, [10] in wardha according to the study it was 66.6% [11].

METHODS AND MATERIALS
In present study the Study Design used is The cross-sectional survey research design .This study works with the research approach of Quantitative research approach. In the study Sample were women of selected rural areas and the target Population were women age in between 30-50yrs of selected rural areas. Setting of the study which was Selected rural areas in wardha district with the Samples Size: 115 who fulfilled the criteria lay down for the selection of  In this study majority of bacterial vaginosis at the age group belongs to 30-40yrs (5%), the women who are having bacterial vaginosis they were educated primary (1%), secondary (3%), higher secondary was (2%), graduate had (1%). The presence of bacterial vaginosis women was homemaker in excess(4%), private service (2%),labourer (1%), married women was (6) who had bacterial vaginosis and (1%) women was widow. The women who had age of menarche 14 years (4%) were present bacterial vaginosis,12 years, 16 yrs and >16 were having 1%. According menstrual history (7%) women have bacterial vaginosis had regular menstrual cycle and both the women who were using contraception and not using contraception was affected by bacterial vaginosis.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The findings of the study have been discussed with reference to the objectives stated in chapter 1 and with the findings of the other studies in this section. The present study was undertaken "To assess the prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among women in selected rural areas". In this study of the total of 115 women participate, 115 (100%), out of that 7 women were having bacterial vaginosis. These all subjects were belonging to rural setup.
In present study the researcher doesn't found any association between prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and demographic variables, but the women at the age of 30-35years were showing high incidence rate of bacterial vaginosis. The use of contraception also shows presence of bacterial vaginosis among women.

Present, 6.10%
Absent, 93.90% The cross-sectional study were based on to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women in New Delhi, in this study 70(32.8%) women was diagnosed as bacterial vaginosis. The highest percentage was shown in these study was asymptomatic (31.2%) were have bacterial vaginosis. In this the rural setup shows (28.2%) of bacterial vaginosis [12].
This study was conducted to assess the characterization according clinicoetiological vaginitis in Mumbai at reproductive age group the prevalence is 17.3%, they have assessed the prevalence according to symptoms. In this study the vaginal discharge is present in 96.4%, vaginal itching is 17.3%, pain in abdomen 2.7%, malodor 4.5% [13].
In the study of kadur Karnataka they were found the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the reproductive age group women associated risk factors. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 44%, 20-29 years' age group had highest prevalence. Intrauterine contraceptive devices user has 32.14% was suffered from bacterial vaginosis [14].
The study done in India, the prevalence of BV was 65.04% by Amsel and 41.74% by Nugent's Criteria. This shows higher prevalence as compared to the study of Damke et al. [15] which showed 40.66% and study of Tote et al. [16] showed 33%. According to the study of Rao et al. [2] and Shoubnikova et al. [17] the prevalence of BV among IUD users was 19.7% and 24.1% respectively which showed lower that this study [15].
In similar study, the patients as per presenting complaints majority of the patients (83.40 %) presented with bleeding per rectum as their chief complaint followed by altered bowel habits and pain in abdomen in 33.40 % and 16.70 % of total patients respectively [16].
After the detailed analysis, this study leads to the following conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis is determined when the PH level and acidity of vaginal flora is increased / decreased or the changes in the hormone can cause the bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis leads to premature rupture of membrane, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases and pelvic inflammatory diseases.
Association of bacterial vaginosis with their demographical variables found is not significant with the demographic variables. In conclusion, our current study shows that the low prevalence of bacterial vaginosis. Due to adverse outcome, it is recommended that all the women may be screened for Pap smear test to reduce the risk of bacterial vaginosis among women.

CONSENT AND ETHICAL APPROVAL
As per international standard or university standard guideline Patient's consent and ethical approval has been collected and preserved by the authors.