Case Report on ANC Mother Two Month with Severe Anemia

Introduction: Human body creates extra blood throughout pregnancy to support human baby's growth. If you don't get enough iron or certain other nutrients, human body may be unable to manufacture the necessary number of red blood cells to produce this extra blood. When you're pregnant, it's typical to experience mild anemia [1]. Case Presentation: A case of a 26-year-old female admitted in the ANC ward on date 24 November 2020 with complaints of burning micturation, pain in abdomen, weakness, fever, breathlessness, in acharya vinoba bhave rural hospital. She had low hemoglobin level which was 5.9 gm/dl and she looks very lethargic. Intervention: The care is providing in ANC ward blood transfusion was done. The goals during this phase are improving the hemoglobin level, maintaining the body temperature, minimize the abdominal pain, saving a life, maintaining and protecting the airway, and preventing or correcting the complication. Outcomes: Over the short course of treatment, the patient significantly improved her hemoglobin level after blood transfusion, improved breathing pattern, reduced abdominal pain and maintained normal temperature. Make even more progress toward her aim of returning home. Case Study Warghane et al.; JPRI, 33(46B): 551-554, 2021; Article no.JPRI.74185 552 Discussion: Although the patient reacted well to treatment, further interventions could be used in the future to help the patient achieve even better results [2].


INTRODUCTION
Human body creates extra blood throughout pregnancy to support human baby's growth. If you don't get enough iron or certain other nutrients, Human body may be unable to manufacture the necessary number of red blood cells to produce this extra blood [2]. When you're pregnant, it's typical to experience mild anemia. Rhesus isoimmunization and blood coagulation disease are the two most frequent hematological disorders that can occur during pregnancy Anemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood of 11 gm/100 ml or below, according to WHO guidelines. Anemia is defined as a hemoglobin level of less than 10 grammas per deciliter (gm/dl) at any time during pregnancy a hemoglobin level of less than 9 gm/dl necessitates further study and therapy. Using this lower level, the incidence of anemia in pregnancy in the tropics ranges from 40 to 80 percent, compared to 10 to 20 percent in affluent countries. In third-world countries, anemia is responsible for 20% of maternal deaths [3].

CASE HISTORY: PATIENT INFORMATION
A case of a 26-year-old female admitted in the ANC ward on date 24 November 2020 with complaints of burning micturation, pain in abdomen, weakness, fever, breathlessness, in Acharya Vinoba Bhave rural hospital. She had low hemoglobin level which was 5.9 gm/dl and she looks very lethargic. As during the antenatal period there is more requirement of nutritious diet but she didn't not take the diet according to her need.

Obstristical History
She was primigravida mother and her obstritical score was G 1 P 0 A 0 L 0 she didn't have any bad obstritical history, her age of menarche was 13years and her last menstrual period came on 14 October 2020 and her expected due date 21 July 2021.

Psychosocial History
He maintains good interpersonal relationships between the family member, neighbors, friends and relatives.

Environmental History
Patient home surround environment is good. There is a facility of a closed drainage system and proper disposal of waste.

DISCUSSION
Cardiovascular symptoms, impaired physical and mental performance, reduced immunological function, and exhaustion are just a few of the maternal consequences of anemia. Growth retardation, preterm, intrauterine death, amnion rupture, neural tube abnormalities, and low birth weight are some of the fetal effects. In our case, the sole problem was a low hemoglobin level of 5.9 gm/dl, which caused dyspnea, fever, weakness, and a urinary tract infection, which caused searing micturation [4].
When oral iron is not suggested in pregnancy, IV iron is a common alternate treatment. As established in various trials, the novel IV iron therapy formulations induce a larger, as well as faster, increase in Hb concentration and SF levels than oral iron supplements. When compared to oral iron, ICM ensures a faster treatment of anemia as well as a noticeable improvement in quality of life with a reduced rate of symptoms like fatigue and sadness. It also has a better tolerance and, as a result, compliance than oral iron [5].
The need for iron, however, varies markedly during each trimester of pregnancy [6]. Iron requirements decrease during the first trimester because menstruation stops, which represents a median saving of 0.56 mg Fe/d (160 mg/pregnancy). The only iron losses that must be met during this period are the obligatory ones from the body via the gut, skin, and urine, which amount to ≈0.8 mg/d in a 55-kg woman (14 g•kg−1•d−1 or 230 mg/pregnancy). Early hemodynamic changes include generalized vasodilation, some increase in the plasma volume, and an increase in red blood cell 2,3diphosphoglycerate concentrations [7,8,9,10].

CONCLUSION
Iron-rich foods (such as dark green leafy vegetables, red meat, fortified cereals, eggs, and peanuts) can help you maintain the iron supply your body need to function effectively. Vitamins will also be prescribed by your obstetrician to ensure that you get adequate iron and folic acid. Ensure that you consume at least 27 milligram's of iron every day. If you develop anemic throughout your pregnancy, iron supplements can usually be used to treat anemia.
The patient was discharged when the investigation and management were completed. The patient's haemoglobin level increased dramatically during the course of treatment, and he maintained a normal breathing pattern while also experiencing less fever and weakness. Make even more progress toward his objective of returning home.

CONSENT
As per international standard or university standard, patient's consent has been collected and preserved by the authors.

ETHICAL APPROVAL
As per international standard or university standard written ethical approval has been collected and preserved by the author(s).