Effectiveness of SIM on Knowledge Regarding Childbirth Care among Upcoming Fathers

Background: In the decade that followed since the original clinical report on the fathers role was published by the American Academy of Paediatrics in May 2004, there has been a surge of attention and research on fathers and their role in the care and development of their children. Methods: For this research, true experimental pre-test post-test research design has been adopted. The study was conducted in selected hospital of Wardha district. Pre experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used and sample size was 60.Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Results: 13.33% of upcoming fathers had poor knowledge level and 51.67% of upcoming fathers had average level of knowledge score in pre-test, 35% upcoming fathers had good level knowledge score in pre test. In post test 1.67% of upcoming father had good level of knowledge score, 55% of upcoming father had very good level of knowledge score and 61.67% of upcoming father had excellent level of knowledge score and none of them had poor and average level of knowledge score. Conclusion: It is concluded that self instruction module was found to be effective in improving the knowledge of childcare among upcoming father. Original Research Article Ghugare and Maurya; JPRI, 33(46B): 460-465, 2021; Article no.JPRI.74046 461


INTRODUCTION
In the public arena, there have been changes away from deadbeat dads and what men do not do for their families in order to focus on support for positive participation [1,2]. In this decade, there has been an increase in the focus and research on the original clinical report on the role of the father published by the American Academy of Pediatrics in May 2004. This Child Wellbeing Study, the Early Childhood Longitude Study on Birth and Kindergarten and Early Head Start have been fuelled by three areas (academic study, policy initiatives and socio-economic forces), that provide the first reporting of nationally representative results related to the involvement of the fathers and to the well-being of the child and the family over the years [3,4]. First, qualitative and quantitative high-quality research have improved concepts and understanding of the myriad ways in which parents participate and influence their childrens health irrespective of marital status [5][6][7]. A variety of national, father-inclusive length studies in families are of key importance, such as the Fragile Families and the unique contribution of fathers to families and children. A further major political development in the last decade has included adopting paid families leave laws that were designed to support fathers attachment or attachment to newborns or young children by several states (California, New Jersey and Rhode Island) [8,9]. In 2015 a legislation in Massachusetts allowed male employees, who work for a company employing a minimum of 6 people, to take 8 weeks unpaid leave for the birth or adoption of a child.

METERIALS
Evaluativeresearch approach with pre experimental pre and post -test design (two group before intervention,after intervention)was used for the study. Research study was conducted in 12 th August to 31 th September 2019. At Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural hospital of Wardha district. A sample of 60 upcoming fathers was selected using nonprobability convenience sampling technique and then assigned the samples in experimental.60 samples were collected. This study examines how skin-to-skin contact between father and newborn affects the attachment relationship.
The study was carried after obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC),

RESULTS
The findings of the study were discussed with reference to the objectives stated in chapter and with the findings of the other studies in this section. The present study undertaken was to assess the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on knowledge regarding childbirth care among upcoming fathers. One group pre-test post-test research design was used for the study. The data was collected from all the fathers present in the selected hospital. The Pre-test and Post-test scores were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of childbirth care education. There was a significant enhancement on knowledge levels. After childbirth care education the knowledge level raised from 7.45% in the pre test to 16.80% in the post test. The p value for the pretest and posttest is 0.0001 which is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. The findings reveal that educating upcoming fathers remarkably increased their knowledge levels regarding childbirth care, which will enable them in caring and providing how to take care of child at home.

Assessment of Pretest and Post Test Knowledge Score Regarding Childbirth Care among Upcoming Fathers
The above Table 2 shows the frequency and percentage wise distributions 13.33% of upcoming fathers had poor knowledge level and 51.67% of upcoming fathers had average level of knowledge score in pre test, 35% upcoming fathers had good level knowledge score in pre test. In post test 1.67% of upcoming father had good level of knowledge score, 55% of upcoming father had very good level of knowledge score and 61.67% of upcoming father had excellent level of knowledge score and none of them had poor and average level of knowledge score.

Association of Post Test Knowledge Score Regarding Childbirth Care among Upcoming Fathers with Selected Demographic Variables
There is no significant association regarding childbirth care among upcoming fathers with selected demographic variables (age, education, occupation, duration of marriage, area of residence).

DISCUSSION
The findings of the study were discussed with reference to the objectives stated in chapter I and with the findings of the other studies in this section. The present study undertaken was to assess the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on knowledge regarding childbirth care among upcoming fathers. One group pre-test post-test research design was used for the study. he data was collected from all the fathers present in the selected hospital. The Pre-test and Posttest scores were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of childbirth care education. There was a significant enhancement on knowledge levels. After childbirth care education the knowledge level raised from 7.45% in the pre test to 16.80% in the post test. The p value for the pretest and posttest is 0.0001 which is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. The findings reveal that educating upcoming fathers remarkably increased their knowledge levels regarding childbirth care, which will enable them in caring and providing how to take care of child at home.
In this study was to describe the meaning of the fathers lived experiences when taking care of his infant as the primary caregiver during the first hours after birth, when the infant was apart from the mother due to the mothers postoperative care. Fifteen fathers were interviewed between 8 days and 6 weeks after the birth. The results describe a movement toward father-child togetherness characterized by an immediate and gradual change within the father as he undertakes increasing responsibility while getting to know his child. The results can be discussed in antenatal classes in order to integrate the fathers important role in the care of his infant, especially in a situation where the mother-infant dyad has been interrupted randomized controlled trial was conducted at a regional teaching hospital and a maternity clinic in northern Taiwan. The study recruited 83first-time fathers aged 20 years or older. By block randomization, participantswere allocated to an experimental ( = 41) or a control ( = 42) group. With the Both groups also received an Early Childcare for Fathersnursing pamphlet. During the first three days postpartum, the intervention group members were provided a daily SSC intervention with their respective infants. Each intervention session lasted at least 15 minutes in length.The outcome measure was the Father-Child Attachment Scale (FCAS). After adjusting for demographic data, the changes to the mean FCASwere found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.We recommendthat nurses and midwives use instructional leaflets and demonstrations during postpartum hospitalization, encouraging new fathers to take an active role in caring for their newborn in order to enhance father-neonate interactions and establish parental confidence [10].
The above related research studies supported that the present study conducted is reliable and significant. In my study self instructional module on child birth care was effective There was no significant association on knowledge regarding childbirth care among upcoming fathers with selected demographic variables (age, education, occupation,duration of marriage, area of residence). The above studies are supporting to study.

CONCLUSION
The researcher conducted an intervention research on the topic to assess the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module on knowledge regarding childbirth care among upcoming father. The researcher aimed to improve the level of knowledge of upcoming father regarding childbirth care. InA particular time period has been allocated for each step. Investigator had presented her hypothetical views about the study in its beginning. The study had done by separating the topic into 5 chapters. And finally the researcher reached into her findings. The result of this study shows that 1(1.67%) were having good knowledge, 33(55%) was having very good knowledge, 37(61.67%) were having excellent knowledge in post test. To find the effectiveness of Self Instructional Module t test was applied and t value was calculated, post test score was significantly higher at 0.05 level than that of pre test score. Thus it was concluded that Self Instructional Module on childbirth care among upcoming father was found effective as a teaching strategy. No any association with demographic veriable.
This study most useful for upcoming fathers most of the people not having proper knowledge regarding child care after birth. This study is improving practice and knowledge, most useful study for upcoming fathers.

CONSENT
It is not applicable.