Effect of Toxoplasma gondii on Some Physiological Indicators in Women's Patients with Diabetic Mellitus Type 2

Aims: Diabetes mellitus is thought to be caused by infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, although this is still debated, In order to better understand the potential link between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus Study Design: China's prevalence rate of diabetes has been gradually growing in recent years, as a result of the country's rising living standards. Place and Duration of Study: 40 patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus who were randomly chosen from the Diabetes Mellitus clinic in Al-Sadder Teaching City in Al-Najaf governorate. Methodology: Prior research "on the link between T. gondii infection and diabetes mellitus has been conflicting, we performed matched case-control studies to see whether T. gondii seropositivity is linked" to type 2 diabetes, more research is required. To investigate T. gondii seroprevalence and recognize risk factors and potential transmital pathways of T. gondii infection in type 2 diabetes Original Research Article Mushattat et al.; JPRI, 33(46B): 61-65, 2021; Article no.JPRI.74644 62 (T2DM), forty women's blood samples have been gathered and tested for anti-T. gondii IgG, IgM, and SOD. T. gondii seroprevalence in T2DM patients as a whole. Patients' information was collected through a questionnaire that included their age, weight, and blood pressure. Each patient and control participant had five milliliters of venous blood samples collected using a disposable needle and plastic syringes. Results: Patients ranged in age about from (35 to 65) years old. The current investigation was performed on 40 patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic and T. gondii patientshad a significantly higher compared with control and Diabetic patients only. Also, there were significant differences between patients of diabetic mellitus and control. Conclusion: Blood was permitted to clot for 10 minutes at room temperature before being centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes, after which serum was extracted and transferred into fresh disposable tubes. An ELISA test was performed on the blood samples earlier using commercially available kits (EIA-3519 IgG and IgM Germany) and SOD kits.

(T2DM), forty women's blood samples have been gathered and tested for anti-T. gondii IgG, IgM, and SOD. T. gondii seroprevalence in T2DM patients as a whole. Patients' information was collected through a questionnaire that included their age, weight, and blood pressure. Each patient and control participant had five milliliters of venous blood samples collected using a disposable needle and plastic syringes. Results: Patients ranged in age about from (35 to 65) years old. The current investigation was performed on 40 patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic and T. gondii patientshad a significantly higher compared with control and Diabetic patients only. Also, there were significant differences between patients of diabetic mellitus and control. Conclusion: Blood was permitted to clot for 10 minutes at room temperature before being centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes, after which serum was extracted and transferred into fresh disposable tubes. An ELISA test was performed on the blood samples earlier using commercially available kits (EIA-3519 IgG and IgM Germany) and SOD kits.

INTRODUCTION
Both kinds of diabetes are diverse illnesses with a wide range of clinical manifestations and disease progression [1]. Inappropriate insulin production as a result of poor islet cell activity or beta cell mass is the pathological cause of type 2 diabetes [2]. Defective insulin secretion is linked to a variety of metabolic abnormalities in T2DM, including dyslipidemia, which includes fatty acid, triglyceride, and lipoprotein homeostasis [3]. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which frequently known as "adult-onset diabetes", refers to a type of diabetes described by high blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, and a shortage of insulin [4]. Raised thirst, usual urination, and unclear weight loss are all popular symptoms [5]. Raised appetite, exhaustion, and unhealed wounds are also potential symptoms [6]. Symptoms often appear progressively.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most important antioxidative enzymes. The highly sensitive SOD Assay Kit utilizes WST-1 that produces a water-soluble formazan dye upon reduction with the superoxide anion. The rate of the reduction with a superoxide anion is linearly related to the xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, and is inhibited by SOD. Therefore, the inhibition activity of SOD can be determined by a colorimetric method. .,diabetic retinopathy, that may result in blindness, renal failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs, that in turn can cause amputations, are all long-term consequences of high blood sugar [7]. Toxoplasma gondii points out to a parasitic obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite that may infect almost any warm-blooded mammal, including humans [8]. Notably, it is believed that about one-third of the world's population is infected with this parasite, "and over 7% of Chinese people have chronic T. gondii infection"[9]. Most T. gondii infections do not result in any major clinical signs [10]. Meanwhile, a meta-analysis of research on the link between chronic toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus revealed chronic toxoplasmosis as a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [11]. Because prior research "on the link between T. gondii infection and diabetes mellitus has been conflicting, we performed matched case-control studies to see whether T. gondii seropositivity is linked" to type 2 diabetes.

METHODOLOGY
The current investigation was performed on 40 patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus who were randomly chosen from the Diabetes Mellitus clinic in Al-Sadder Teaching City in Al-Najaf governorate. As a healthy group, ten seemingly control individuals were included. Patients were selected in age about from (35 to 65) years old. Patients' information was collected through a questionnaire that included their age, weight, and blood pressure. Each patient and control participant had five milliliters of venous blood samples collected using a disposable needle and plastic syringes. Blood was permitted to clot for 10 minutes at room temperature before being centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes, after which serum was extracted and transferred into fresh disposable tubes. An ELISA test was performed on the blood samples earlier using commercially available kits (EIA-3519 IgG and IgM Germany) and SOD kits [12].

Statistical Analysis
The Chi-Square Test and T-test were utilized in statistical analysis to identify significant disinctions between two research variables at the probability threshold of P≤0.05. Also, least significant difference was used to find the significant differences between more than two variables [12].

RESULTS
To investigate T. gondii seroprevalence and recognize risk factors and potential transmittal pathways of T. gondii infection in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), forty women's blood samples have been gathered and tested for anti-T. gondii IgG, IgM, and SOD. T. gondii seroprevalence in T2DM patients as a whole. Diabetic and T. gondii patients had a significantly higher compared with control and Diabetic patients only. also, there were significant differences between patients of diabetic mellitus and control.

DISCUSSION
The link between T. gondii infection and type 2 diabetes is still debated, with a few research yielding contradictory findings [13]. As a result, the current research was carried out to see whether T. gondii infection is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus patients had greater frequencies of T. gondii patients than controlled individuals, according to the findings. As a result, our results backed previous approaches that predicated diabetes mellitus on T. gondii infection [14]. T2DM is an autoimmune illness characterized by complicated interplay between hereditary and environmental variables [15]. T2DM was shown to be linked to enter overuse and other infectious agents [16]. T2DM patients exhibited substantially greater T. gondii seroprevalence than controls in this research, indicating that T2DM "patients are more likely to be infected with T. gondii". However, more focused research is needed to investigate and establish the link between T2DM and T. gondii

CONCLUSION
Blood was permitted to clot for 10 minutes at room temperature before being centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes, after which serum was extracted and transferred into fresh disposable tubes. An ELISA test was performed on the blood samples earlier using commercially available kits (EIA-3519 IgG and IgM Germany) and SOD kits.

DISCLAIMER
The company name used for this research is commonly and predominantly selected in our area of research and country. There is absolutely no conflict of interest between the authors and company because we do not intend to use this company as an avenue for any litigation but for the advancement of knowledge. Also, the research was not funded by the company rather it was funded by personal efforts of the authors.