Evaluate the Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy

Background: The aging begun with the birth and observed as a continuous change in different phases of life due to weakening of the body function with respect to the time and quantity. Aging also causes a continuous stress on the adaptive response and indirectly enhance the disease conditions. The adaptive childhood degree is more important to the man for his wellbeing and happiness. But, due to stress increasing, a strong decreased adoptability led to the increase of the inner withdrawal,bitterness, weariness of life and depression are the results of failure to adapt. Methodology: The geriatrics eventually lead to depressed state and lack a prominentsupport. The current study aimed to analyze efficiency of the Reminiscence based therapy in aged and depressed people. The present work was based on quasi experimental nonequivalent control group designin selected senior citizen home, Chennai.Of 64 samples, experimental group (31)and control group (33) using Non-probability, purposivesampling technique and measured based on Yesavage geriatric depression scale. Results: Continuously, twenty-one days, two session per day (morning and evening) the experimental group were demonstrated with Reminiscence therapy. Reminiscence therapy characteristically having non-pharmacological psychosocial intervention for depression remedy. The results showed the significant difference in degree of depression between the two groups. Conclusion: As conclusion, the study showed that reminiscence therapy had tremendously decreases the depression and elevated the well-being feeling in elder people. Original Research Article Bharathi; JPRI, 33(46A): 447-452, 2021; Article no.JPRI.73715 448


INTRODUCTION
The old age usually increase the feeling of loneliness and neglected association in aged people. Due to broken up the nuclear family type, the loneness increased among the aged [1]. The urban life and modernization subsequently contribute for the severity of the problem. Further, the moral value distress also make serious effects on it. Previously, the simple and value added life had given the aged people, as a desirable and fruitful one. The depression lead to collapse the normal life and provoke the suicidal thoughts [2]. Presently, the rate of suicidal and its thoughts had tremendously increased among the people. The ratio usually seemed to be highest among the elder adults (< 50years) than he aged population (> 50 years). The depression elevate the suicidal thoughts to the highest level (NIMH), 2010. Nearly, 18% of people committed suicides from the elderly population due to the unrecognized severe depression without any treatment [3]. The nuclear family life style make a greater remedy for those kind of patients, since a notable care could be given for them. The reminder therapy is one of the popular therapy given for the depressed people. It is based on the self-help reference material given to the patients and instructed to refere at the required time during the depression [4][5][6][7].
The depression is considered to be a disorder since, it severely affects a number of body parts and the individual thoughts also. Most of the people complain that the severe headache and pain also a kind of depression based on its ration, such as mild, moderate and severe. The depression may have physiological or genetical basis and causing a chemical imbalance in the brain systems [8]. On the depressed conditions, an experienced old man could be considered as an unnecessary burden to the younger people and require an awful loneliness, competitive helpings from others. Of the whole, nearly, up to 30% of elderlypopulation has a remarkable ill effects of depression and in India, he scenario too worst comparatively (with 13% -15% of old age population). Tamil Nadu accounted for 47% to 49.5% of elder population and particularly 25% to 27% of them had been associated with the depression [9]. The Reminiscence therapy (RT) is a kind of talk therapy that use the counseling for recalling the better memories from the past and encouraging the people to relieve from the memory loss [10][11][12]. The present study aimed to analyse the recalling the power from the memory loss patient using the Reminiscence therapy.

Study design
Grouping with Non-randomized, non-equivalent Control O1 and O2-Pre-and Post-testanalysis for depression level among elderly, respectively.

Requirement of the patients
The target population was consist of elderly (< 60 yrs) only from Chennai. The sample number was 64 (33 and 31 for control and experimental group respectively) based on the non-probability purposive sampling method.

Description of the methodology
The inclusion criteria included the aged between 60 and above 60 yrs of age. The patients have mild depression (calculated using Geriatric scale) and either gender. The people with unwell state at the starting time, with previous reminiscence therapy and under going for any kind of psychiatric treatment. After getting proper permission, the data would be collected and processed. The data collection consist of following three-phase. Phase One:The pretest analysis to know the status of self-estimation by depression scale for Geriatricpopultion. Phase Two: The reminiscence therapy was given(four hour per day, totally 21 days). Phase Three: It consist of post-test for assessing the final out-put of the reminiscence training. The effects of reminiscence therapy on experimental and control group was statistically analyzed. The collected data were statistically analyzed using paired t-test I and t-test.

Interventional analysis for Reminiscence therapy
Evaluation on post-test Experiment with therapy O1 x O2 Control -No therapy given O1 -O2

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Regarding the pre-test (Table. 1 and Fig. 1), the degree of depression (n=33) higher in control group 33(100%) than the experimental group 33(100%). Our result was similar to the previous study [10].
All the subjects in the experimental group showed chances for mild depression falls under the normal level ( Table 2 and Fig. 2). Table 3 represented statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation, mean (%), and mean difference and the "t" value. The results showed no statistical significant value (as t = 0). Previous studies also reported the similar results [11][12][13]. Table 4 showed that "t" value was 5.307 and p<0.001 level. Hence, the result were statistically significant in the experimental groups using paired test. Table 5 showed the "t" value was 22.25 in unpaired t test, statistical significance at p<0.001level. Hence, the reminiscence therapy had significant effect on depression reduction that varied with the control and the experimental groups and the results were concordant with the previous reports [13][14]. Table 6 showed the relationship between the samples on different aspects such as age, gender, marital status and so on. The chi square test revealed the strong association of the studied variable between the groups as indicated in Table 6 and they were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION
The reminiscence therapy is based on the drug-less and psychosocial counseling on against the different depression types and it has actively reduced the stress magnification in elderly people.

CONSENT
As per international standard or university standard, patients' written consent has been collected and preserved by the author(s).

ETHICAL APPROVAL
As per international standard or university standard written ethical approval has been collected and preserved by the author(s).